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Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
 
Chapter Quiz
 

Chapter Quiz


1 .       A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should he choose and why is it the best choice? (Concept 6.1E-Book) [Hint]

 light microscope, because of its high resolving power
 transmission electron microscope, because of its high magnifying power
 scanning electron microscope, because of its ability to visualize the surface of subcellular objects.
 transmission electron microscope, because of its high resolving power
 light microscope, because the specimen is alive
2 .       Which statement about cell fractionation is incorrect? (Concept 6.1E-Book) [Hint]

 The first step in cell fractionation is disruption of the cells and their organelles.
 Organelles that are largest or heaviest are likely to be isolated earlier in the fractionation procedure than those that are smaller or lighter.
 Organelles are separated by spinning the cell extract at several different speeds in a centrifuge.
 When a cell extract is centrifuged, smaller organelles end up in the pellet at the bottom of the tube and larger organelles remain in the liquid above the pellet.
 Isolation of the smallest organelles (such as ribosomes) requires very high centrifuge speeds.
3 .       The average wavelength of visible light is about 550 nanometers (or 0.5 micrometers). Which of the following cellular structures is unlikely to be resolved with a light microscope? (Concept 6.1E-Book) [Hint]

 the nucleus, which is typically about 5 micrometers in diameter
 chromosomes in the nucleus during cell division
 nuclear pore complexes (100 nanometers in diameter) on the nuclear membrane
 a typical bacterial cell, which is between 0.5 and 2.0 micrometers in diameter
 a typical eukaryotic cell, which is between 10 and 100 micrometers in diameter
4 .       Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to _____. (Concept 6.2E-Book) [Hint]

 have a very high metabolic rate
 be buried deep in the interior of an organism
 be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment
 be a prokaryotic cell
 be nearly spherical in shape
5 .       Which of the following are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell? (Concept 6.2E-Book) [Hint]

 the time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell
 the cell's surface-to-volume ratio
 the presence of a nucleus in the cell
 The first two answers are correct.
 The first three answers are correct.
6 .       Which of the following structures cannot be found in prokaryotic cells? (Concept 6.2E-Book) [Hint]

 cytosol
 plasma membrane
 mitochondria
 ribosomes
 RNA
7 .       A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through _____. (Concept 6.2E-Book) [Hint]

 a microtubule
 several different organelle membranes
 a ribosome
 the nucleus
 the plasma membrane
8 .       In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (Concept 6.2E-Book) [Hint]

 Eukaryotic cells can synthesize proteins but prokaryotic cells cannot.
 Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus.
 Compartmentalization of the cytoplasm by membrane-bounded organelles occurs in eukaryotic cells.
 Eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane and prokaryotic cells do not.
 Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
9 .       Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they _____. (Concept 6.2E-Book) [Hint]

 lack chromosomes
 have a smaller nucleus
 lack a plasma membrane
 have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
 have no ribosomes
10 .       Which statement(s) about the ratio of cell surface area to cell volume is (are) correct? (Concept 6.2E-Book) [Hint]

 Because of limitations in the surface-to-volume ratio, larger organisms generally do not have larger-volume cells when compared to smaller organisms.
 Cells involved in uptake of materials with their environment have large surface areas without greatly increasing their volume.
 Cells with more convoluted surfaces have larger surface-to-volume ratios than cells with smooth surfaces.
 The first two answers are correct.
 The first three answers are correct.
11 .       Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? (Concept 6.2E-Book) [Hint]

 mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
 ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
 nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes
 mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm
 ribosomes, nucleus, plasma membrane
12 .       A certain cell contains mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and several other cellular components. Based on this information, this cell could not be _____. (Concept 6.2E-Book) [Hint]

 a cell from a pine tree
 a grasshopper cell
 a yeast (fungus) cell
 a bacterium
 The description above could fit any of the cells listed in the answers.
13 .       What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane? (Concept 6.3E-Book) [Hint]

 Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
 The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER.
 The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores.
 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores.
 None of the above is correct.
14 .       Of the following organelles associated with the endomembrane system, which group is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? (Concept 6.4E-Book) [Hint]

 lysosome, vacuole, ribosome
 ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
 vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
 smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, vacuole
 rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, vacuole
15 .       Which one of the following organelles is unlikely to show enhanced abundance in the pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes? (Concept 6.4E-Book) [Hint]

 rough endoplasmic reticulum
 free cytoplasmic ribosomes
 Golgi apparatus
 transport vesicles
 All of the above will increase in pancreatic cells secreting digestive enzymes.
16 .       A plant was grown in a test tube containing radioactive nucleotides, the molecules from which DNA is built. Later examination of dividing cells in the plant showed the majority of the radioactivity to be concentrated in the _____. (Concepts 6.3E-Book and 6.4E-Book) [Hint]

 rough endoplasmic reticulum
 lysosome
 smooth endoplasmic reticulum
 central vacuole
 nucleus
17 .       Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? (Concept 6.4E-Book) [Hint]

 breakdown of complex foods
 energy processing
 manufacturing
 structural support of cells
 information storage


18 .       You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____. (Concept 6.4E-Book) [Hint]

 make a lot of ATP
 secrete a lot of protein
 move rapidly
 perform photosynthesis
 store large quantities of ions
19 .       A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____. (Concept 6.4E-Book) [Hint]

 Golgi apparatus
 smooth endoplasmic reticulum
 plasma membrane
 transport vesicles
 rough endoplasmic reticulum
20 .       Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found? (Concept 6.4E-Book) [Hint]

 in the aqueous interior of a lysosome functioning as a digestive enzyme
 in the cytoplasm, functioning as an enzyme in carbohydrate synthesis
 embedded in the plasma membrane functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell
 in the internal space of the Golgi apparatus, being modified before the protein is excreted
 in a mitochondrion functioning in ATP synthesis
21 .       Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system? (Concept 6.4E-Book) [Hint]

 lysosome ... plasma membrane
 Golgi apparatus .... mitochondria
 Golgi apparatus ... vacuole
 plasma membrane ... nuclear envelope
 nuclear envelope ... lysosome
22 .       Which of the following is (are) most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion, neither of which is part of the endomembrane system? (Concepts 6.4E-Book and 6.5E-Book) [Hint]

 transport vesicles
 free cytoplasmic ribosomes
 the Golgi apparatus
 rough endoplasmic reticulum
 smooth endoplasmic reticulum
23 .       A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized _____. (Concepts 6.3-6.5E-Book) [Hint]

 on ribosomes on the nuclear envelope
 on free cytoplasmic ribosomes
 in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
 in the mitochondria
 in the plasma membrane
24 .       Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found ______. (Concepts 6.3-6.5E-Book) [Hint]

 free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes
 on the rough ER
 in bacterial cells
 The first two answers are correct.
 The first three answers are correct.
25 .       Which one of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from the other four? (Concepts 6.4E-Book and 6.5E-Book) [Hint]

 endoplasmic reticulum
 plasma membrane
 mitochondrial outer membrane
 lysosome membrane
 Golgi apparatus
26 .       Which of the following is not a true statement about chloroplasts and mitochondria? (Concept 6.5E-Book) [Hint]

 Each contains a small amount of DNA.
 Neither are components of the endomembrane system.
 Both are composed of two separate membranes.
 Each organelle synthesizes some of its own proteins.
 All of the above are correct.
27 .       Which of the following is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria? (Concept 6.5E-Book) [Hint]

 They are all involved in ATP synthesis.
 They all contain two or more membranes.
 They all contain DNA and make some of their own proteins.
 They are all part of the plastid family of organelles.
 None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.
28 .       Which type of cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria? (Concept 6.5E-Book) [Hint]

 muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner
 photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree
 bacterial cells that are growing on sugars
 inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use
 cells in the skin on your finger that are not dividing
29 .       Which of the following is not a characteristic of mitochondria? (Concept 6.5E-Book) [Hint]

 Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism.
 Mitochondria have more than one membrane.
 Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes.
 Mitochondria are independent of the endomembrane system.
 All of the above are characteristics of mitochondria.
30 .       Assume that when a plant cell divides, one of the daughter cells lacks chloroplasts. Which of the following would be reasons that the cell could not produce new chloroplasts from scratch? (Concept 6.5E-Book) [Hint]

 Chloroplasts are not part of the endomembrane system.
 Chloroplasts contain unique DNA that encodes for some of their own proteins.
 Chloroplasts are a source of energy for plant cells.
 The first two answers are correct.
 The first three answers are correct.
31 .       The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria ______. (Concepts 6.3-6.5E-Book) [Hint]

 are produced by the nucleus of the cell
 must divide each time the cell containing them divides
 are part of the endomembrane system
 are involved in energy metabolism of the cell
 contain two or more membranes
32 .       Which of the following are possible sites of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell? (Concepts 6.3-6.5E-Book) [Hint]

 the cytoplasm
 the rough endoplasmic reticulum
 in mitochondria
 The first two answers are correct.
 The first three answers are correct.
33 .       Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles? (Concepts 6.2E-Book, 6.3E-Book, and 6.5E-Book) [Hint]

 the nucleolus
 mitochondria
 ribosomes
 transport vesicles
 No organelles are found inside of other organelles.
34 .       Which of the following cellular processes or characteristics is not related to the cytoskeleton? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint]

 transmission of information from the cell surface to the interior of the cell
 movement of the chromosomes during cell division
 movement of cilia or flagella
 contraction of muscle cells
 All of the above are related to the cytoskeleton.
35 .       The surface cells that line the intestines are highly folded to optimize uptake of molecules from the digestive tract. If these cells were treated with a drug that causes the breakdown of the cytoskeleton, which of the following would be most likely to occur? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint]

 Adjacent cells would lose their contact with each other.
 The surface of the cells would become more randomly shaped.
 The uptake of substances from the intestines into the cells would be completely stopped.
 The plasma membrane would rupture.
 The nuclear pores would cease to function.
36 .       Which of following structures are found in both plant cells and animal cells? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint]

 cell walls
 chloroplasts
 central vacuoles
 mitochondria
 none of the above
37 .       Which statement about the cytoskeleton is incorrect? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint]

 Microtubules are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support.
 Microfilaments are chains of proteins that resist stretching.
 Intermediate filaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to microfilaments and microtubules.
 Components of the cytoskeleton are often involved with movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
 Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall.
38 .       Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint]

 actin
 pseudopodia
 mitochondria
 tubulin
 motor proteins
39 .       Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint]

 muscles
 cytoskeleton
 transport vesicles moving from the ER to the Golgi
 plasma membrane
 ribosomes
40 .       Basal bodies are most closely associated with which one of the following cell components? (Concept 6.6E-Book) [Hint]

 nucleus
 mitochondria
 cilia
 the central vacuole
 Golgi apparatus
41 .       Which of the following organelles, if any, lack membranes as part of their structure? (Concepts 6.3- 6.7E-Book) [Hint]

 vacuoles
 ribosomes
 microfilaments
 The first two answers are correct.
 The second and third answers are correct.
42 .       Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through a _____. (Concept 6.7E-Book) [Hint]

 tight junction
 microtubule
 cell wall
 plasmodesmata
 gap junction
43 .       Which of the following correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells? (Concept 6.7E-Book) [Hint]

 Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.
 The structures that are external to the plasma membrane are essentially independent of the plasma membrane in both groups.
 The ECM and plant cell walls completely cover the plasma membrane of their respective cells.
 Both the ECM and plant cell walls provide rigid structures that determine the shape of their respective cells.
 Cell walls and ECMs provide for tight contact between adjacent cells.
44 .       Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? (Concept 6.7E-Book) [Hint]

 The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell.
 The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata.
 The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.
 The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions.
 The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix.
45 .       Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix? (Concept 6.7E-Book) [Hint]

 Both are permeable to water and small solutes.
 Both are synthesized in the ER and Golgi apparatus.
 Both are composed primarily of carbohydrates.
 The first two answers are correct.
 The first three answers are correct.
46 .       The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized ____. (Concepts 6.4E-Book and 6.7E-Book) [Hint]

 externally to the plasma membrane
 in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
 in the Golgi apparatus
 in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus
 in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.







©2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings