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Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
 
Chapter Quiz
 

Chapter Quiz


1 .       Which of the following statements about genes is false? (Concept 13.1E-Book) [Hint]

 Genes are made up of DNA.
 Genes are found on chromosomes.
 Genes are transmitted during sexual reproduction, but not during asexual reproduction.
 Every individual inherits thousands of genes from each of his or her parents.
 Genes can program cells to make enzymes or other proteins.
2 .       How many genes are present in the human genome? (Concept 13.1E-Book) [Hint]

 23
 46
 hundreds
 tens of thousands
 a virtually infinite number
3 .       What is a locus? (Concept 13.1E-Book) [Hint]

 the precise location of a gene on a chromosome
 a structure that appears during prophase I and consists of two paired genes
 the precise DNA sequence of a gene
 a type of spore made only by fungi
 a cell with two chromosome sets
4 .       Sexual and asexual reproduction are alike in that _____. (Concept 13.1E-Book) [Hint]

 they both give rise to genetically distinct offspring
 they both involve two parents
 they both require meiosis to complete the reproductive cycle
 they can both occur in multicellular organisms
 in both cases, every parent transmits all of its genes to its progeny
5 .       A clone is the product of _____. (Concept 13.1E-Book) [Hint]

 asexual reproduction
 sexual reproduction
 mitosis
 meiosis
 The first and third answers are correct.
 The second and fourth answers are correct.
6 .       Unless the chromosomes were stained to show band patterns, a karyotype would be least likely to show which of the following? (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 an extra chromosome
 a large part of a chromosome duplicated
 a missing chromosome
 part of a chromosome turned around
 the attachment of a large part of a chromosome to another chromosome
7 .       A karyotype is _____. (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 the physical traits a person has
 a method of identifying crossover events
 all the possible gametes a person could produce
 a photograph of all of an individual's chromosomes
 a list of all the genes a person carries
8 .       The preparation of a karyotype involves all of the following steps except _____. (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 isolating diploid cells from an individual
 staining the chromosomes with a specific dye
 taking a picture of all of the chromosomes from an interphase cell
 arranging the chromosomes according to length, staining pattern, and shape
 matching homologous pairs of chromosomes
9 .       Which one, if any, of the following statements is false? (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 Diploid cells can divide by mitosis.
 Diploid cells can divide by meiosis.
 Haploid cells can divide by mitosis.
 Haploid cells can divide by meiosis.
 All of the statements are true.
10 .       Which of the following contributes to the life cycle called alternation of generations? (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 multicellular haploid stage (gametophyte)
 multicellular diploid stage (sporophyte)
 zygote
 spores
 all of the above
11 .       The sexual cycle of the multicellular alga Fucus involves _____. (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 mitosis only
 both mitosis and meiosis
 both mitosis and fertilization
 only meiosis and fertilization
 mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization
12 .       A life cycle in which the only multicellular form is haploid is most typical of _____. (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 primates
 plants
 fungi
 sporophytes
 fish
13 .       Which of the following results in cells that contain half the parental chromosome number? (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 cytokinesis
 mitosis
 meiosis
 interphase
 metaphase
14 .       In sexually reproducing species, the chromosome number remains stable over time because _____ and _____ always alternate. (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 meiosis ... fertilization
 meiosis ... mitosis
 mitosis ... fertilization
 meiosis ... interphase
 meiosis I ... meiosis II
15 .       The egg (ovum) of a rabbit contains 22 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the somatic (body) cells of a rabbit? (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 11
 22
 44
 88
 132
16 .       In a diploid cell containing 10 chromosomes, meiosis results in the formation of daughter cells containing _____ chromosomes. (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 5
 10
 20
 40
 0
17 .       How many pairs of autosomes do humans have? (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 23
 22
 2
 1
 It depends on the sex of the individual.
18 .       Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct? (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 They are found in animal cells but not in plant cells.
 They have genes for the same traits at the same loci.
 They pair up in prophase II.
 They are found in haploid cells.
 They are found in the cells of human females but not in human males.
19 .       Humans have 46 chromosomes. That number of (human) chromosomes will be found in _____. (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 all cells in anaphase of mitosis
 all the egg and sperm cells
 all gamete-producing cells after meiosis I
 liver cells
 all the cells of the body
20 .       When we say that an organism is haploid, we mean that _____. (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 its cells each have one chromosome
 it has one half of a chromosome
 its cells have a single set of chromosomes
 its cells have two sets of chromosomes
 none of the above
21 .       Which one of the following is not a function of meiosis in humans? (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 production of eggs
 production of sperm
 decreasing the number of chromosomes
 multiplication of body cells
 none of the above
22 .       Somatic cells in humans contain _____ set(s) of chromosomes and are therefore termed _____. (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 one ... diploid
 two ... haploid
 one ... haploid
 two ... diploid
 three ... triploid
23 .       Nearly all life cycles have both haploid and diploid phases. Usually, the transition from haploid to diploid takes place _____. (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 during crossing over in meiosis
 when DNA is replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle
 when mitotic cytokinesis occurs
 at fertilization, when gametes fuse
 during gastrulation
24 .       Spores and gametes are different in that _____. (Concept 13.2E-Book) [Hint]

 gametes never resemble spores morphologically
 gametes are always haploid while spores are diploid
 gametes can fuse to form a zygote, but spores can develop into independent organisms without first forming a zygote
 only the formation of gametes contributes to genetic variation
 gametes are derived directly from sporophytes to form gametophytes
25 .       At the end of telophase I of meiosis and cytokinesis, there are _____. (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 four haploid cells
 two diploid cells
 four diploid cells
 one haploid ovum and three polar bodies
 two haploid cells
26 .       What is the result when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis? (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 two diploid cells
 two haploid cells
 four diploid cells
 four haploid cells
 two haploid cells and two diploid cells
27 .       Synapsis occurs during _____. (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 anaphase I
 prophase I
 cytokinesis
 prophase II
 metaphase I
28 .       During anaphase II _____. (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 homologues separate and migrate toward opposite poles
 sister chromatids separate and migrate toward opposite poles
 nuclei re-form
 chromosomes line up in one plane
 the synaptonemal complex disappears
29 .       During anaphase I _____. (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 homologues separate and migrate toward opposite poles
 sister chromatids separate and migrate toward opposite poles
 nuclei re-form
 chromosomes line up in one plane
 the cell is haploid
30 .       Cytokinesis is the _____. (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 exchange of homologous regions of nonsister chromatids
 formation of tetrads
 independent assortment of chromosomes
 lining up of tetrads at the metaphase plate
 division of one cell into two
31 .       What is the function of meiosis? (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 to make exact copies of the parent cell
 to make one cell with twice the number of chromosomes as the parent pairs
 to make four cells with the same chromosome number as the parent
 to make cells with a haploid (half that of the parents) number of chromosomes
 none of the above
32 .       Crossing over occurs during _____. (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 cytokinesis
 metaphase I
 prophase II
 metaphase II
 prophase I
33 .       Regions of chromosomes where nonsister chromatids cross over are called _____. (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 inversions
 homologues
 kinetochores
 chiasmata
 tetrads
34 .       Crossing over does not _____. (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 provide genetic variation
 occur in gamete-producing cells
 occur in the prophase of mitosis
 usually yield genetically different chromatids
 occur in most plants
35 .       An organism has a haploid chromosome number n = 4. How many tetrads will form during meiosis? (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 2
 3
 4
 8
 16
36 .       Which event occurs only during prophase I of the first meiotic division? (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 Homologous chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.
 Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs.
 The nuclear membrane breaks down.
 Replication of DNA takes place.
 A spindle of microtubules forms.
37 .       In a male mammal, every cell that undergoes meiosis gives rise to _____ sperm. (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 one
 two
 four
 no set number
 zero
38 .       Which one of the following occurs in meiosis, but not mitosis? (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 The cells formed have the same combination of genes as found in the initial cell.
 Homologous chromosomes separate.
 The nuclear envelope disappears.
 Sister chromatids undergo disjunction.
 A spindle apparatus forms.
39 .       Which function below makes meiosis more complicated than mitosis? (Concept 13.3E-Book) [Hint]

 decreasing the chromosome number to haploid
 introducing genetic variation among the daughter cells
 ensuring that each daughter cell gets a single, complete set of chromosomes
 undergoing two rounds of cytokinesis
 all of the above
40 .       Ignoring crossover, how many kinds of gametes can be produced by an organism with a diploid number of 8? (Concept 13.4E-Book) [Hint]

 2
 4
 8
 16
 32
41 .       Which of the following does not contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing species? (Concept 13.4E-Book) [Hint]

 crossing over
 independent assortment
 random fertilization
 cytokinesis
 none of the above
42 .       In humans, the haploid number of chromosomes is 23. Independent assortment has the possibility of producing _____ different types of gametes. (Concept 13.4E-Book) [Hint]

 232
 1 million
 223
 24
 100,000
43 .       The diploid number of chromosomes in a certain animal is 8 (2n = 8). How do the four pairs of homologous chromosomes align and separate during meiosis? (Concept 13.4E-Book) [Hint]

 All of the maternal chromosomes always move to one pole, and all the paternal chromosomes always move to the other pole.
 All 16 chromatids move together.
 Exactly two maternal and two paternal chromosomes always move to each of the two poles.
 The first to move influences all the others.
 They align and assort independently to form any of 16 different combinations.
44 .       In a diploid set of chromosomes, one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes is derived from the father (paternal), and the other comes from the mother (maternal). If 2n = 6, what is the probability of obtaining a gamete in which all the chromosomes are paternal ones? (Concept 13.4E-Book) [Hint]

 1/4
 1/8
 1/16
 1/32
 cannot be determined from these data
45 .       The major contribution of sex to evolution is _____. (Concept 13.4E-Book) [Hint]

 it is the only mechanism for species to reproduce
 it provides a method to increase genetic variation
 it provides a way in which somatic mutations can be inherited
 The first and second answers are correct.
 The second and third answers are correct.





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