why species become extinct
	why different parts of the world have different plants and animals
	why vestigial structures exist
	how advantageous traits are passed to offspring
	none of the above

	He was the first to discover that living things can change, or evolve.
	He based his theory on the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	He worked out the principles of population genetics.
	He proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution.
	He was the first to conclude that Earth is billions of years old.

	Darwin
	Lamarck
	Aristotle
	Mendel
	Lyell

	arose continually from nonliving materials by spontaneous generation
	had been created by divine intervention a few thousand years before
	had evolved from now-extinct organisms
	arose from a single species that had survived the biblical flood
	are all related to one another

	paleontology ... believed in catastrophism
	gradualism…believed the same geographic forces are operating today that occurred in the past
	the binomial system of naming organisms…named organisms according to their family and genus
	evolution…first proposed that acquired characteristics are inherited
	taxonomy…thought that resemblances among different species reflected the pattern of their creation

	Cuvier
	Lamarck
	Aristotle
	Wallace
	Lyell

	the idea that animals and plants might change over time was absent from Western science
	several biologists had proposed that species might change over time, but none had suggested a convincing mechanism that might cause the change
	the idea of evolution was widely accepted because it could fit in to the biblical story of creation
	the idea of evolution was widely accepted by scientists, but Darwin's great impact was to popularize it for the layperson
	none of the above

	The common belief about the age of Earth.
	Many more offspring are produced than can survive.
	When breeders select for specific traits, these become fixed in future generations.
	Some individuals leave more descendants than other individuals.
	In a population of organisms, every individual is different from every other one.

	the works of others such as Lamarck
	fossils he collected
	studying adaptations of organisms to their environments
	the unique organisms he saw in the Galápagos Islands
	all of the above

	adaptive evolution
	natural selection
	descent with modification
	differential success in reproduction
	inheritance of acquired characteristics

	phenotypes
	genotypes
	mutations
	heterozygotes
	homozygotes

	chance
	the environment
	sample size
	genetic drift
	human intervention

	Organisms have the capacity to overreproduce.
	Natural selection should be capable of considerable modifications over hundreds of thousands of generations.
	Population size usually remains relatively stable.
	Favorable characteristics of a population accumulate over time.
	All of the above.

	natural selection
	sexual recombination
	founder effect
	artificial selection
	neutral variation

	limited environmental resources
	unequal reproduction with individuals best meeting environmental demands having the most success
	heritable variation
	selective breeding of domestic plants and animals
	individuals better adapted to an environment being more likely to survive

	species
	genotype
	individual
	population
	morph

	excess numbers of individuals
	variation in individuals
	heritable traits
	greater numbers of offspring from the better adapted
	environmentally induced acquisition of traits

	be completely independent of each other
	produce similar patterns of evolutionary relatedness
	yield very different hierarchical patterns
	link all of the species currently present on Earth
	be understood to have come about by chance alone

	mosquitoes that survive spraying develop an immunity to the insecticide
	many mosquitoes today are descendants of mosquitoes with insecticide-resistant characteristics
	mosquitoes are deliberately adapting themselves to this man-made change in the environment
	the original spraying has caused a permanent mutation, giving the insects genetic resistance to the spray
	none of the above

	The predatory fish will evolve smaller mouths so that they do not drive their prey to extinction.
	The zooplankton will become sexually mature at larger sizes.
	The predatory fish will evolve poor eyesight so as to preserve their food supply.
	Adult zooplankton will start to reach sexual maturity when they are still relatively small.
	The first and the third choices are both good predictions.

	The drug did not work in the way that the developers intended.
	Patients did not take the drug as it was prescribed.
	The virus mutated in response to the drug.
	Some members of the virus population must have had a genetic variation that made them resistant to 3TC.
	None of the above.

	only the best-adapted organisms can survive
	advantageous changes can be passed along to offspring
	most evolution occurs rapidly following a mass extinction
	dissimilar organisms might have evolved from a distant, common ancestor
	all of the above

	are headed for extinction
	evolved from the same ancestor
	have increased genetic diversity
	by chance had similar mutations independently in the past
	are not related

	comparative physiology
	embryological homologies (comparative embryology)
	biogeography
	molecular biology
	cladistics

	evidence for Lamarck's theory of use and disuse
	remnants of structures that were useful to an organism's ancestors
	one piece of evidence that does not support the theory of evolution
	examples of anatomical imperfections such as the human knee
	homologies that can only be observed in embryos

	there's only one possible way to encode information in a macromolecule
	the earliest macromolecules probably arose when lightning struck an oxygen-free atmosphere
	all organisms are descended from a single common ancestor
	the genetic code will never be broken
	none of the above

	homologous proteins have arisen independently in many different animal groups
	closely related animal species have similar geographic distributions
	closely related organisms have more similar DNA and proteins
	closely related organisms have similar stages of development
	none of the above

	They are rarely endemic.
	They are often closely related to species from similar ecological niches all over the world.
	They are often closely related to species from the nearest mainland or neighboring islands.
	Darwin only studied the Galapágos and, therefore, could not develop many insights about species on islands.
	None of the above.

	it is an untested idea
	it is not factual
	it is a matter of opinion
	it is a model that is supported by many observations and much experimental evidence
	it can be considered dogma