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Chapter 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology
 
Chapter Quiz
 

Chapter Quiz


1 .       In alternation of generations in plants _____. (Concept 38.1E-Book) [Hint]

 a sporophyte grows from a spore
 the gametes are produced by the gametophyte through meiosis and cellular differentiation
 the spores are produced by the gametophyte by meiosis and cellular differentiation
 the sporophyte is the haploid generation
 the gametes are produced by the gametophyte through mitosis and cellular differentiation
2 .       Which association below is incorrect? (Concept 38.1E-Book) [Hint]

 petals ... attraction of pollinators
 sepals ... containment of sporangia
 stamens ... development of male gametophytes
 carpels ... development of female gametophytes
 stamens ... development of filament and anther
3 .       The male structures of angiosperms are called _____, and they produce _____. (Concept 38.1E-Book) [Hint]

 stigmas ... ovules
 ovaries ... ovules
 anthers ... ovaries
 anthers ... pollen
 anthers ... ovules
4 .       The female structures of angiosperms are called _____, and they produce _____. (Concept 38.1E-Book) [Hint]

 sepals ... ovules
 carpels ... ovules
 anthers ... sperm
 anthers ... pollen
 anthers ... ovules
5 .       Flowers bear seeds in protective chambers called _____. (Concept 38.1E-Book) [Hint]

 cones
 anthers
 sepals
 ovaries
 antheridia
6 .       Which two structures of a flower bear sporangia? (Concept 38.1E-Book) [Hint]

 ovules and stamens
 ovaries and the receptacle
 sepal and the filament
 ovules and anthers
 all of the above
7 .       A generative cell and a tube cell originate when _____. (Concept 38.1E-Book) [Hint]

 a microsporocyte undergoes meiosis
 a microsporocyte undergoes mitosis
 a microspore undergoes meiosis and cytokinesis
 a microspore undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis
 microspore mother cells undergo mitosis and cytokinesis
8 .       How many pollen grains can potentially result from one microsporocyte? (Concept 38.1E-Book) [Hint]

 1
 2
 4
 8
 16
9 .       What is the purpose of synergids in an ovule? (Concept 38.1E-Book) [Hint]

 Synergids divide, producing megaspores.
 Synergids divide, producing one large cell with eight haploid nuclei.
 Synergids function in the guidance of the pollen tube to the embryo sac.
 The function of synergids is unknown.
 Synergids are the polar nuclei that share the cytoplasm of the large central cells of the embryo sac.


10 .       In the process of pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the _____ to the _____. (Concept 38.1E-Book) [Hint]

 ovary ... anther
 stigma ... ovary
 anther ... sepal
 carpel ... stigma
 anther ... stigma
11 .       Like gymnosperms, many grasses and angiosperm trees are wind-pollinated. To conserve energy, these angiosperms do not produce complete flowers (complete flowers have all four of the basic parts). Which basic part would most likely be missing from wind-pollinated angiosperm flowers? (Concept 38.1E-Book) [Hint]

 petals
 sepals
 anthers
 ovaries
 fruits
12 .       Which statement below accurately describes the role of S-genes in plants? (Concept 38.1E-Book) [Hint]

 S-genes are unique to plants and make them more susceptible to manipulation by bioengineers.
 S-genes are involved in self-recognition. They prevent self-fertilization in many plant species.
 S-genes make plants more resistant to pests.
 If pollen from another species lands on the stigma of a mustard plant, S-genes block the pollen tube growth.
 None of the above.


13 .       After fertilization, the _____ develops into a seed and the _____ develops into a fruit. (Concept 38.2E-Book) [Hint]

 ovule ... ovary
 pollen grain ... ovule
 ovary ... ovule
 egg ... ovule
 egg ... ovary
14 .       A pea pod is formed from _____. A pea inside the pod is formed from _____. (Concept 38.2E-Book) [Hint]

 an ovule ... a carpel
 an ovary ... an ovule
 an ovary ... a pollen grain
 an anther ... an ovule
 endosperm ... an ovary
15 .       What are the results of the first mitotic division in a plant zygote? (Concept 38.2E-Book) [Hint]

 suspensor and endosperm
 basal cell and suspensor
 proembryo and terminal cell
 basal cell and terminal cell
 endosperm and proembryo
16 .       Which portion of an embryonic plant consists of the shoot tip with a pair of miniature leaves? (Concept 38.2E-Book) [Hint]

 seed coat
 epicotyl
 radicle
 scutellum
 hypocotyl
17 .       Which one of the following best describes the function of fruits? (Concept 38.2E-Book) [Hint]

 protection and dispersal of seeds
 rewards for pollinators
 protection from pollinators
 storage of food for the plant to consume through the winter
 deterrent to herbivores, stopping them from eating leaves
18 .       What is the correct definition of an aggregate fruit? (Concept 38.1E-Book) [Hint]

 a fruit that results from a single flower that has more than one carpel, each forming a small fruit
 a fruit in which other floral parts in addition to ovaries contribute to what we call the fruit
 a fruit that develops from a group of flowers tightly clustered together. The ovaries of the separate flowers cluster together and become incorporated into one fruit.
 a fruit derived from a single carpel or several fused carpels
 a fruit that ripens about the same time that its seeds complete their development
19 .       Why do seeds need water to germinate? (Concept 38.2E-Book) [Hint]

 Water provides energy.
 Imbibition of water causes the seed coat to swell and allows the cells of the embryo to rehydrate.
 Water activates the chlorophyll molecules so that photosynthesis can begin.
 Water dissolves the minerals in the soil so that they become available to the seed.
 Because water has a neutral pH, it balances the soil pH and makes it favorable for seed germination.
20 .       Which example below is not an advantage of sexual reproduction in plants? (Concept 38.3E-Book) [Hint]

 Sexual reproduction can be an advantage in unstable environments because it generates variations in offspring and populations.
 The offspring of sexually reproducing plants are not as frail as clones of asexually reproducing plants.
 Seeds facilitate dispersal of offspring to more distant locations.
 Seed dormancy allows growth to be suspended until hostile environmental conditions are reversed.
 None of the above.


21 .       In this type of asexual reproduction, seeds are produced even without the joining of sperm and eggs. (Concept 38.3E-Book) [Hint]

 callus
 fragmentation
 apomixis
 cloning
 grafting
22 .       A botanist had an apple tree in his yard that produced eight different varieties of apple. This tree was most likely produced by _____. (Concept 38.3E-Book) [Hint]

 repeated selection of seedlings with desirable qualities
 inducing mutations in the young seedling
 grafting scions of different varieties onto the same root stock
 protoplast fusion of different varieties in the same culture tube
 None of the above. A single tree can produce only a single variety.
23 .       Which statement below accurately describes protoplast fusion? (Concept 38.3E-Book) [Hint]

 It is not possible to fuse two protoplasts from different plant species that are not reproductively compatible.
 Protoplasts can be screened for mutations that may improve the agricultural value of the plant.
 Protoplasts are plant cells with their nuclei removed by fungal enzyme treatments.
 Researchers can couple protoplast fusion with grafting techniques to invent new plant varieties.
 All of the above are true.


24 .       Which of the following can be done by using biotechnology, but cannot be done using traditional agricultural breeding practices? (Concept 38.4E-Book) [Hint]

 clone production of desirable plants
 variability for selection in a population
 introduction of genes into a crop from a related species
 introduction of non-plant genes into a crop
 All of the above can be performed by traditional methods.
25 .       What does the "Bt" in Bt maize refer to? (Concept 38.4E-Book) [Hint]

 a gene that makes the husk of the corn too tough for insects to penetrate
 a gene that causes the plants to emit a weed toxin
 a gene that reduces the amount of water the plants need to grow
 a gene that causes the plants to produce a chemical that becomes toxic within insect guts
 a gene that increases the level of vitamin A found in maize
26 .       "Transgene escape" would occur if _____. (Concept 38.4E-Book) [Hint]

 a genetically modified crop from one country is transplanted to another country
 a genetically modified crop is hybridized with a local weed
 a genetically modified crop is allowed to freely self-pollinate
 terminator genes also are inserted into a genetically modified crop
 chloroplast DNA is genetically modified





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