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Chapter 43: The Immune System
 
Chapter Quiz
 

Chapter Quiz


1 .       A macromolecule produced in the body, which recognizes another molecule as "foreign" to the body, is a(n) _____. (Overview E-Book) [Hint]

 platelet
 antigen
 antibody
 lymphocyte
 macrophage
2 .       The first line of defense against infection is _____. (Concept 43.1E-Book) [Hint]

 the skin and mucous membranes
 the inflammatory response
 the immune system
 antibiotics
 disinfectants
3 .       Phagocytosis is best defined as _____. (Concept 43.1E-Book) [Hint]

 the process by which a white blood cell engulfs and destroys a bacterium
 the process by which a cell engulfs and takes up a liquid
 the movement of cytoplasm into an extended pseudopodium
 the fusion of an intracellular vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell
 the process of activating memory T cells
4 .       What do macrophages and neutrophils have in common? (Concept 43.1E-Book) [Hint]

 They punch a hole in the plasma membrane of the pathogen, causing the cell to burst.
 They phagocytize pathogens.
 They secrete lysozyme.
 They stimulate antibody production.
 They attack virus-infected body cells.
5 .       Which of the following cells are part of the innate, second line of defense? (Concept 43.1E-Book) [Hint]

 cytotoxic T cells
 B cells
 prostaglandins
 macrophages
 platelets
6 .       Which example below describes what would most likely happen to a microbe in the blood? (Concept 43.1E-Book) [Hint]

 They are phagocytosed by eosinophils.
 They are phagocytosed by macrophages that reside in the lymph nodes.
 They are phagocytosed by macrophages that reside in the spleen.
 They are phagocytosed by neutrophils.
 They are phagcytosed by monocytes.


7 .       Chemicals produced by virus-infected cells that alert neighboring cells to prepare a defense are called _____. (Concept 43.1E-Book) [Hint]

 antibodies
 interferons
 cytokines
 antigens
 complement proteins
8 .       If microorganisms penetrate the innate defenses, an inflammatory response may be initiated by the _____. (Concept 43.1E-Book) [Hint]

 accumulation of phagocytes in an injured area
 release of interferon by infected cells
 increased blood flow to an infected or injured area
 ensuing fever
 release of chemicals such as histamine by damaged cells
9 .       The body's second line of defense against infections is _____. (Concept 43.1E-Book) [Hint]

 active immunity
 an inflammatory response
 passive immunity
 cell-mediated immunity
 humoral immunity
10 .       Which one of the following is part of the inflammatory response? (Concept 43.1E-Book) [Hint]

 constriction of the arterioles
 clonal selection of B and T lymphocytes followed by the production of effector cells
 dilation of the capillaries
 production of antibodies
 production of memory cells
11 .       Which of the following is not an immediate function of histamine? (Concept 43.1E-Book) [Hint]

 causing local arterioles to dilate
 increasing the permeability of local capillaries
 increasing the systemic blood pressure
 causing local swelling of the tissue
 causing local reddening of the tissue
12 .       Which one of the following is not a benefit of local inflammation? (Concept 43.1E-Book) [Hint]

 Increased blood flow and vessel permeability allow more neutrophils to move from the blood to injured tissues.
 Vascular changes increase the volume of clotting factors in the area.
 Chemokines promote the release of histamine and attract more phagocytes to the area.
 Moderate fever facilitates phagocytosis.
 All of the above are benefits of local inflammation.


13 .       Which choice below describes a function of white blood cells that helps them carry out defensive functions more effectively? (Concept 43.2E-Book) [Hint]

 synthesis of hemoglobin
 release of cytokines
 migrate into and out of blood vessels
 stimulate production of MHC II
 The second and third answers are correct.
14 .       An immune response is initiated by the presence of which molecules? (Concept 43.2E-Book) [Hint]

 complement
 interferon
 histamine
 antibody
 antigen
15 .       The body produces antibodies complementary to foreign antigens. The process by which the body comes up with the correct antibodies to a specific invader is most like _____. (Concept 43.2E-Book) [Hint]

 going to a tailor and having a suit made to fit you
 ordering the lunch special at a restaurant without looking at the menu
 going to a shoe store and trying on shoes until you find a pair that fits
 picking out a video that you haven't seen yet
 selecting a lottery prizewinner by means of a random drawing
16 .       The antigen-binding sites of an antibody molecule are formed from the molecule's variable regions. Why are these regions called variable? (Concept 43.2E-Book) [Hint]

 They can change their shapes to fit different antigens.
 They change their shapes when they bind to an antigen.
 Their specific shapes are unimportant.
 They can be different shapes on different antibody molecules.
 Their sizes vary considerably from one antibody to another.
17 .       Antibodies are in which class of proteins? (Concept 43.2E-Book) [Hint]

 structural
 enzymatic
 transport
 immunoglobulin
 receptor
18 .       In a series of immune system experiments, the thymus glands were removed from baby mice. Which of the following would you predict as a likely result? (Concept 43.2E-Book) [Hint]

 The mice suffered from numerous allergies.
 The mice never developed cancerous tumors.
 The mice suffered from autoimmune diseases.
 The mice readily accepted tissue transplants.
 The mice were unable to produce an inflammatory response.
19 .       The proliferation of the B lymphocyte to which a specific antigen binds is referred to as _____. (Concept 43.2E-Book) [Hint]

 an activation sequence
 a cascade mechanism
 antigenic determination
 an autoimmune response
 clonal selection
20 .       Which type of cell is responsible for causing apoptosis in cancer cells and virus-infected cells? (Concept 43.2E-Book) [Hint]

 dendritic cells
 natural killer cells
 helper T cells
 plasma cells
 none of the above
21 .       B lymphocytes _____. (Concept 43.2E-Book) [Hint]

 attack cells that have been infected by viruses
 engulf and destroy bacteria and viruses
 multiply and make antibodies that circulate in blood and lymph
 stimulate other lymphocytes
 produce cytokines
22 .       Which of the following types of cells initiate a secondary immune response? (Concept 43.2E-Book) [Hint]

 cytotoxic cells
 natural killer cells
 memory cells
 effector cells
 plasma cells
23 .       Once you have been exposed to an antigen, you develop immunity against the same antigen because _____. (Concept 43.2E-Book) [Hint]

 antibodies against the disease are constantly circulating in your blood
 certain lymphocytes are able to make the proper antibodies quickly
 your innate defenses are strengthened
 B cells are stimulated to quickly engulf invaders
 antigens are altered so that the invaders can no longer attack your tissues
24 .       Which of the following cell types is specifically responsible for humoral immunity? (Concept 43.2E-Book) [Hint]

 T cells
 B cells
 leukocytes
 natural killer cells
 lymphocytes
25 .       What is the role of dendritic cells in the primary immune response? (Concept 43.3E-Book) [Hint]

 Dendritic cells present antigen via class II MHC molecules to young helper T cells.
 Dendritic cells present antigen to memory helper T cells.
 Dendritic cells secrete cytokines to activate cytotoxic T cells.
 Dendritic cells take in foreign molecules by receptor-mediated endocytosis and present the specific antigen fragments to helper T cells.
 Dendritic cells discharge destructive enzymes that damage larger parasitic invaders.


26 .       A group of researchers tested many chemicals and found several that have potential for use in modifying the action of the immune system. Which of the following compounds has the most promise as a drug for inhibiting transplant rejection? (Concept 43.3E-Book) [Hint]

 compound A13: acts like histamine
 compound Q6: stimulates cytotoxic T cells
 compound N98: a potent allergen
 compound B55: suppresses specific cytotoxic T cells
 compound M31: stimulates helper T cells
27 .       Which statement is correct in about T-independent antigens? (Concept 43.3E-Book) [Hint]

 The response to T-independent antigens is important in defending against viruses and cancer cells.
 The response to T-independent antigens generates memory B cells.
 Typical T-independent antigens contain a single epitope.
 Typical T-independent antigens are polysaccharides of bacterial capsules and proteins of bacterial flagella.
 The response is stronger than the response to T-dependent antigens because B cells are activated immediately with the release of cytokines.


28 .       Which one of the following classes of immunoglobins crosses the placenta and confers passive immunity to the fetus? (Concept 43.3E-Book) [Hint]

 IgM
 IgG
 IgA
 IgD
 IgE
29 .       Which of the following is not initiated by the binding of antibodies to antigens? (Concept 43.3E-Book) [Hint]

 activation of complement proteins
 secretion of interferon by infected cells
 neutralization
 agglutination
 precipitation
30 .       What do the antibodies secreted by plasma cells (the effector cells of humoral immunity) do to attack their targets? (Concept 43.3E-Book) [Hint]

 activate complement to form a pore in the membrane of the targets
 clump cells together so that phagocytes can ingest them
 cross-link soluble antigen molecules, forming immobile aggregates
 attach to antigens and block their activity
 all of the above
31 .       How do antibodies to foreign blood groups come to exist in the body? (Concept 43.4E-Book) [Hint]

 The antibodies form when a fetus is exposed to its mother's blood late in pregnancy.
 The antibodies arise in response to bacterial inhabitants of the body that have epitopes very similar to blood groups and antigens.
 This phenomenon cannot be explained.
 Even very limited exposure to the blood of another person can evoke the production of antibodies.
 They are part of innate immunity and exist at birth.


32 .       A type of cell that makes immunizations effective is the _____. (Concept 43.3E-Book) [Hint]

 red blood cell
 killer T cell
 killer B cell
 macrophage
 memory B cell
33 .       A vaccine may contain _____. (Concept 43.3E-Book) [Hint]

 white blood cells that fight infection
 antibodies that recognize invading microbes
 inactivated disease-causing microbes
 a hormone that boosts immunity
 lymphocyte antigens
34 .       The idea behind vaccination is to induce _____ without the vaccinated individual having to get sick. (Concept 43.3E-Book) [Hint]

 passive immunity
 the primary immune response
 anaphylactic shock
 nonspecific defenses
 inflammation
35 .       When searching for a donor for an organ transplant, doctors try to match the _____ of the donor and recipient as closely as possible. (Concept 43.4E-Book) [Hint]

 antibodies
 blood type
 MHC proteins
 leukocytes
 cytokines
36 .       Besides helper T cells, what are two other types of cells that HIV infects? (Concept 43.5E-Book) [Hint]

 macrophages and brain cells
 B cells and liver cells
 plasma cells and neutrophils
 cytotoxic T cells and brain cells
 all of the above





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