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Chapter 53: Community Ecology
 
Chapter Quiz
 

Chapter Quiz


1 .       What type of population interaction benefits neither population? (Concept 53.1E-Book) [Hint]

 predation
 parasitism
 competition
 mutualism
 herbivory
2 .       Under which of the following circumstances would interspecific competition be most obvious? (Concept 53.1E-Book) [Hint]

 when resources are most abundant
 in the presence of a keystone species
 when organisms have quite different ecological niches
 among species whose trophic levels are different
 when a non-native organism is introduced to a community
3 .       The niche of an animal is _____. (Concept 53.1E-Book) [Hint]

 the number of individuals of the species the environment will support
 the same as its habitat
 the way the animal fits into its environment
 its den or nest
 its position in the food chain
4 .       When goats were introduced to an island off the California coast, the goats inhabited the same areas and ate the same plants as the native deer. The deer population dwindled and finally disappeared. This is an example of _____. (Concept 53.1E-Book) [Hint]

 commensalism
 succession
 a food chain
 coevolution
 competitive exclusion
5 .       Two species of turtles that inhabit different lakes are more similar morphologically than two species that occupy the same lake. This is an example of _____. (Concept 53.1E-Book) [Hint]

 coevolution
 character displacement
 Müllerian mimicry
 commensalism
 a keystone species
6 .       Flounder is a type of fish that looks like the seafloor. This is an example of _____. (Concept 53.1E-Book) [Hint]

 Müllerian mimicry
 warning coloration
 character displacement
 cryptic coloration
 Batesian mimicry
7 .       The flower fly resembles a honeybee, but the flower fly has no stinger. This is an example of _____. (Concept 53.1E-Book) [Hint]

 Batesian mimicry
 Müllerian mimicry
 cryptic coloration
 interspecific competition
 none of the above
8 .       The poison-arrow frogs Dendrobates of tropical America are all brightly colored and have very similar patterns. Each species is distasteful to predators and all possess toxic skin secretions, although some of the species live quite separate from the others. The adaptive relationship among these species is best termed _____. (Concept 53.1E-Book) [Hint]

 cryptic coloration
 parasitism
 commensalism
 Batesian mimicry
 Müllerian mimicry
9 .       A leech that attaches itself to a swimmer is an example of a _____. (Concept 53.1E-Book) [Hint]

 prey
 parasitoid
 endoparasite
 ectoparasite
 pathogen
10 .       Certain species of acacia trees in Central and South America have hollow thorns that house stinging ants, which attack anything that touches the tree. The ants feed on nutrients produced by the acacias. This is an example of _____. (Concept 53.1E-Book) [Hint]

 mutualism
 parasitism
 predation
 competitive exclusion
 intraspecific competition
11 .       The relationship between species A and species B is described as commensalism. This means that _____. (Concept 53.1E-Book) [Hint]

 both species suffer
 one species benefits and the other species suffers
 both species benefit
 one species benefits and the other species is unaffected
 any of the above is possible in commensalism
12 .       Which example below correctly lists members of a desert ecosystem from the producer level to the quarternary consumer level? (Concept 53.2E-Book) [Hint]

 detritivores, brittlebush, collared lizard, red-tailed hawk
 red-tailed hawk, collared lizard, pallid-winged grasshopper, brittlebush
 pallid-winged grasshopper, collared lizard, red-tailed hawk, detritivores
 brittlebush, pallid-winged grasshopper, collared lizard, red-tailed hawk
 none of the above
13 .       A field contains 950 kg of plant material. How many kilograms of tertiary consumers could be supported? (Concept 53.2E-Book) [Hint]

 9,500
 950
 95
 9.5
 0.95


14 .       What is the key difference between a dominant species and a keystone species? (Concept 53.2E-Book) [Hint]

 There is no difference. The two terms are synonymous.
 Dominant species alter the structure or dynamics of the environment; keystone species are the most abundant.
 Dominant species are the most abundant; keystone species exert control through important roles or niches.
 The removal of a dominant species from a community has more impact than removing a keystone species.
 Keystone species are more successful at evading their predators and the impacts of disease.


15 .       In Paine's study of the intertidal zone on the coast of Washington State, he found that _____. (Concept 53.2E-Book) [Hint]

 competitive exclusion inevitably reduced species richness
 mutualism among prey species maintained species diversity
 the mussel Mytilus preyed on the sea star Pisaster
 the presence of a keystone species maintained community diversity
 resource partitioning allowed otherwise competing species to coexist
16 .       A species of malaria-carrying mosquito lives in a forest in which two species of monkeys, A and B, coexist. Species A is immune to malaria, but species B is not. The malaria-carrying mosquito is the chief food for a particular kind of bird in the forest. If all these birds were suddenly eliminated by hunters, which of the following would be an immediately observable consequence? (Concept 53.2E-Book) [Hint]

 increased mortality (death rate) in monkey species A
 increased mortality in monkey species B
 increased mortality in the malaria-carrying mosquitoes
 emergence of malaria-resistant strains in monkey species B
 emergence of malaria-sensitive strains in monkey species A
17 .       A lake community suddenly suffers from algal blooms. Using the strategy of biomanipulation, an ecologist may propose _____. (Concept 53.2E-Book) [Hint]

 removing zooplankton
 adding mineral nutrients to the water
 adding fish that eat zooplankton
 removing fish that eat zooplankton
 removing the fourth trophic level in the lake
18 .       The current view of biological communities is _____. (Concept 53.3E-Book) [Hint]

 that they eventually reach a state of equilibrium
 that disturbance and nonequilibrium are the norm
 that they maintain a relatively constant composition of species
 that the effect of disturbances is usually negative
 none of the above
19 .       Succession of communities occurs because _____. (Concept 53.3E-Book) [Hint]

 each existing community changes the environment
 climatic changes lead to reduced water availability
 most populations have a limited life span and die making room for others
 resources in an area are limited
 of none of the above
20 .       Which statement below correctly describes conditions on a glacier moraine during the reign of pioneer species? (Concept 53.3E-Book) [Hint]

 Vegetation consists of sphagnum bogs on poorly drained flat areas.
 Decomposition of acidic spruce needles reduces the pH of the soil.
 Low nitrogen content causes many plants to have yellow leaves.
 Alder forms dense thickets up to 9-meters-tall.
 Bare soil is acidic due to the carbonate compounds in the parent rocks.


21 .       What are two key factors in species richness equatorial-polar gradients? (Concept 53.4E-Book) [Hint]

 length of seasons and water availability
 evolutionary history and climate
 altitude and evolutionary history
 evapotranspiration and temperature
 solar radiation and water availability
22 .       When equilibrium is reached on an island, _____. (Concept 53.4E-Book) [Hint]

 the number of organisms does not change
 ecological disturbance is minimized
 the rate of species immigration will equal the rate of species extinction
 the food web will be highly stable
 extinction will cease
23 .       _____ views a community as the chance assemblage of organisms with similar abiotic needs. (Concept 53.5E-Book) [Hint]

 The niche concept
 The individualistic hypothesis
 Species richness
 Commensalism
 The integrative hypothesis
24 .       Which theory below suggests that reducing or increasing the abundance of one species in a community affects many other species? (Concept 53.5E-Book) [Hint]

 integrated hypothesis
 individualistic hypothesis
 rivet model
 redundancy model
 none of the above





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