Pre-Test

Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Pre-Test

1 .

Most organic compounds contain carbon and _____. (Concept 4.1

) [Hint]

phosphate

oxygen

hydrogen

nitrogen

sulfur

2 .

The experiments of Wöhler, Kolbe, Miller, and other chemists invalidated the concept of vitalism by demonstrating that _____. (Concept 4.1

) [Hint]

one organic substance could be transformed into another organic substance

organic molecules could be produced apart from living organisms using inorganic materials

complex organic substances are the result of a series of sequential synthetic reactions occurring in both living organisms and nonliving systems.

carbon atoms were common in both living organisms and nonliving substances such as rocks and soil

tissues extracted from living organisms could still promote organic reactions

3 .

The large diversity of shapes of biological molecules is possible because of the extensive presence of ____ in the molecules. (Concept 4.2

) [Hint]

carbon

oxygen

hydrogen

nitrogen

sulfur

4 .

Which of the following is a hydrocarbon? (Concept 4.2

) [Hint]

C₃H₈

CO₂

C₆H₁₂O₆

H₂CO₃

CCl₂F₂

5 .

The valence for nitrogen is 3 because _____. (Concept 4.2

) [Hint]

the molecular mass of nitrogen is 3

that is the number of electrons needed to complete nitrogen's innermost electron shell

that is the number of electrons needed to complete nitrogen's outermost electron shell

that is the number of hydrogen bonds a nitrogen atom can form

none of the above

6 .

Citric acid makes lemons taste sour. Which of the following is a functional group that would cause a molecule like citric acid to be acidic? (Concept 4.3

) [Hint]

hydroxyl

hydrocarbon

amino

carbonyl

carboxyl

7 .

Variations in the reactive properties of different organic molecules are most closely associated with _____. (Concept 4.2

) [Hint]

the number of carbon atoms comprising the molecule's skeleton

the presence or absence of double bonds

the presence or absence of functional groups

the orientation of the carbon skeleton, as either ringed or linear

the number of asymmetric carbon atoms present

8 .

Choose the pair of terms that completes this sentence: Sulfhydryl is to ____ as ____ is to amine. (Concept 4.3

) [Hint]

hydroxyl…alcohol

ketone…amino

carbon…nitrogen

aldehyde…ketone

thiol…amino

9 .

Which of the following functional groups has a polar covalent bond, which helps alcohols dissolve in water? (Concept 4.3

) [Hint]

amino

hydroxyl

carboxyl

sulfhydryl

carbonyl

10 .

Which functional group would you predict is part of indoleacetic acid (a plant hormone)? (Concept 4.3

) [Hint]

sulfhydryl

carbonyl

amino

hydroxyl

carboxyl