Prokaryotes living in the food products will take in excess water and explode.
	Salt is a toxin to prokaryotic cells and leads to their death.
	Prokaryotic cells will shrink from their cell walls, impacting their ability to reproduce.
	Salt breaks down the chitin contained in the cell walls of prokaryotes.
	Salt breaks down the peptidoglycan found in the capsule of prokaryotes.

	more ... more
	more ... less
	less ... less
	less ... more
	none of the above

	a thick layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane
	a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane
	two layers of peptidoglycan with a layer of lipid in between
	cholesterol and peptidoglycan
	bacteriorhodopsin and periplasmic gel

	They may assist prokaryotes in adhering to a substrate.
	They may assist prokaryotes in adhering to each other.
	They are more similar in structure to eukaryotic flagella than they are similar to prokaryotic flagella.
	Specialized pili link prokaryotes during conjugation.
	Fimbriae are usually more numerous and shorter than pili.

	It attaches the capsule to the cell wall.
	It controls the joining of two bacterial cells during conjugation.
	It functions in the cellular respiration of some aerobic prokaryotes.
	It stores endospores.
	It is a system of rings in the cell wall that power the flagellum.

	are phototosynthetic
	are gram-negative
	have flagella
	are pathogenic
	all of the above

	mode of nutrition
	cell wall composition
	number of chromosomes
	cell shape
	colony characteristics when grown on solid nutrient agar

	photosynthetic pigments
	a nucleoid with a circular chromosome
	membrane-enclosed organelles
	a "9 + 2" arrangement of microtubules
	cell walls

	replicate independently of the main chromosome
	often contain antibiotic resistance genes
	are transferred from one bacterium to another by conjugation
	allow bacteria to survive adverse conditions
	all of the above

	have cell walls containing peptidoglycan
	protect themselves by secreting antibiotics
	secrete endotoxins
	are autotrophic
	produce endospores

	photoautotrophs
	photoheterotrophs
	chemoautotrophs
	chemoheterotrophs
	photochemoheterotrophs

	chemoheterotrophic bacteria
	cyanobacteria
	photoheterotrophs
	thermoacidophilic bacteria
	photoautotrophs

	facultatively aerobic chemoheterotroph
	obligately anaerobic chemoheterotroph
	facultatively anaerobic chemoautotroph
	obligately anaerobic chemoautotroph
	There is insufficient information to answer this question.

	oxygen, sulfur, light, water, and some minerals
	carbon dioxide, sulfur, light, water, and some minerals
	carbon, nitrogen, light, water, and some minerals
	carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, light, and some minerals
	carbon dioxide, ammonium, water, light, and some minerals

	They carry out photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation.
	They carry out only nitrogen fixation.
	They carry out only photosynthesis.
	They oxidize inorganic substances to obtain energy.
	They store endospores.

	convergent evolution
	identical mutations occurring independently in these distantly related lineages
	horizontal gene transfer
	genetic variation arising from binary fission
	genetic variation arising from meiosis

	alpha
	beta
	gamma
	delta
	epsilon

	alpha
	beta
	gamma
	delta
	epsilon

	spirochetes
	epsilon proteobacteria
	chlamydias
	gram-negative bacteria
	cyanobacteria

	the ability to produce methane from carbon dioxide
	the ability to metabolize sulfur
	absence of a nuclear envelope
	presence of a circular chromosome
	presence of peptidoglycan

	Archaea are unicellular, and bacteria are colonial.
	The genes of archaea have introns, whereas bacteria lack introns.
	They have different chemicals in their cell membranes and cell walls.
	Bacteria are autotrophic, and archaea are heterotrophic.
	Only bacteria have circular chromosomes.

	Some are single cells, whereas others live in filamentous colonies.
	They are the only prokaryotes that perform plantlike, oxygenic photosynthesis.
	Some species may carry on nitrogen fixation.
	It can be said that nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are the most self-sufficient of all organisms.
	All of the above are correct statements.

	cyanobacteria
	extreme halophiles
	extremophiles
	methanogens
	extreme thermophiles

	gram-negative bacteria
	spirochetes
	cyanobacteria
	methanogens
	botulism-causing prokaryotes

	extracting gold ore
	decomposing waste in a sewage-treatment facility
	the production of transgenic plants
	the production of antibiotics
	all of the above

	Euryarchaeota
	Crenarchaeota
	Korarchaeota
	Nanoarchaeota
	Extremophiles

	mutualism
	commensalism
	parasitism
	phoresis
	symbiosis

	The bacteria have a parasitic relationship with the human body.
	The bacteria have a commensal relationship with the human body.
	The bacteria have a mutualistic relationship with the human body.
	The bacteria directly create a network of intestinal blood vessels necessary to absorb food.
	Many pathogenic strains of B. thetaiotaomicron have emerged.

	Vibrio cholerae ... cholera
	Borrelia burgdorferi ... Lyme disease
	Salmonella ... food poisoning
	Helicobacter pylori ... stomach ulcers
	Clostridium botulinum ... botulism

	It is the most widespread pest-carried disease in the United States.
	Its symptoms are caused by an exotoxin that stimulates intestinal cells to release chloride ions into the gut.
	The symptoms begin when Vibrio cholerae die and endotoxins are released from the cell walls.
	People are apt to come down with cholera after eating improperly canned foods.
	The disease is caused by typically harmless enteric bacteria.

	the high number of mutations that occur in this type of bacteria
	the immense number of plasmids associated with this group of bacteria
	the frequent abuse of antibiotics used to treat this bacteria.
	the higher than average rate of binary fission that occurs in this type of bacteria.
	horizontal gene transfer over many years, most likely through the action of bacteriophages