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Chapter 24: The Origin of Species
 
Pre-Test
 

Pre-Test


1 .       Change over time within an evolutionary lineage (anagenesis) _____. (Concept 24.1E-Book) [Hint]

 is the only important evolutionary process
 is the main means by which new species arise
 cannot account for the proliferation of species
 rarely occurs without the geographic separation of populations
 is correctly described by all of the above
2 .       Two animals are considered members of different species if they _____. (Concept 24.1E-Book) [Hint]

 look different
 cannot mate and produce viable, fertile offspring
 live in different habitats
 are members of different populations
 are geographically isolated
3 .       Often, species are identified by their appearance. Why? (Concept 24.1E-Book) [Hint]

 If two organisms look alike, they must be the same species.
 This is the criterion used to define a biological species.
 If two organisms look different, they must be different species.
 This is the most convenient way of identifying species.
 Most eukaryotic organisms reproduce only asexually.
4 .       According to the phylogenetic species concept, what is a species? (Concept 24.1E-Book) [Hint]

 a population that interbreeds and produces fertile offspring
 a population that is physically able to mate even if there are no offspring or the offspring are infertile
 a population with a distinct fossil record
 a clone of genetically identical organisms
 a cluster of organisms that have a lineage of descent
5 .       Which of these is an example of temporal isolation? (Concept 24.2E-Book) [Hint]

 The average weight of the individuals in one species is 45 kg; in the other species the average is 290 kg.
 One species is found only in New York, the other only in London.
 One species performs a specific courtship dance; the other species does not.
 One species is nocturnal, and the other species is not.
 One is a type of primate; the other is a type of marsupial.
6 .       Which of the following is the first step in allopatric speciation? (Concept 24.2E-Book) [Hint]

 genetic drift
 geographic isolation
 polyploidy
 hybridization
 formation of a reproductive barrier
7 .       The evolution of numerous species, such as Darwin's finches, from a single ancestor is called _____. (Concept 24.2E-Book) [Hint]

 adaptive radiation
 sympatric speciation
 gradualism
 nondisjunction
 geographic isolation
8 .       Sympatric speciation is _____. (Concept 24.2E-Book) [Hint]

 the appearance of a new species in the same area as the parent population
 the process by which most animal species have evolved
 initiated by the appearance of a geographic barrier
 the emergence of many species from a single ancestor
 especially important in the evolution of island species
9 .       According to the _____ model, evolution occurs in spurts; species evolve relatively rapidly then remain unchanged for long periods. (Concept 24.2E-Book) [Hint]

 nondisjunction
 gradualist
 adaptive radiation
 punctuated equilibrium
 geographic isolation
10 .       If the wings of extant flying birds originally arose as thermoregulatory devices in ancestral reptiles, then the bird wings could be accurately described as _____. (Concept 24.3E-Book) [Hint]

 vestigial organs
 analogous organs
 degenerate organs
 exaptations
 superior organ





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