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| 1 . |
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A model organism for genetic studies of development should ideally _____. (Overview ) [Hint]
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| 2 . |
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The process by which cells become specialized is called _____. (Concept 21.1) [Hint]
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| 3 . |
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_____ ensures that enough cells are present to support development, and _____ ensures that the developing organism is not simply a formless ball of cells. (Concept 21.1) [Hint]
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| 4 . |
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Embryonic tissue that persists in the adult plant is called _____. (Concept 21.1) [Hint]
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| 5 . |
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Your muscle and bone cells are different because _____. (Concept 21.2) [Hint]
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| 6 . |
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In frogs, when an intestinal cell of a tadpole is transferred into an egg whose nucleus has been removed (nuclear transplantation), some of the eggs will develop into normal tadpoles. This demonstrates _____. (Concept 21.2) [Hint]
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| 7 . |
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A mature cell of a mature plant can often develop into a new adult. This demonstrates that these plant cells are _____. (Concept 21.2) [Hint]
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| 8 . |
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The alterations in gene expression that accompany cell differentiation involve all of the following mechanisms except _____. (Concept 21.2) [Hint]
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| 9 . |
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In the case of Dolly (the clone), a nucleus from a mammary gland cell of one sheep was put into the enucleated ovum of another sheep, and this cell was then implanted in the uterus of a third sheep. If you consider only the generation that directly preceded Dolly, how many genetic parents does she have? (Concept 21.2) [Hint]
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| 10 . |
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The efficiency of cloning, and the ability to generate healthy cloned animals, has been largely hampered by the difficulty of _____. (Concept 21.2) [Hint]
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| 11 . |
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Cells that are capable of developing into multiple, but not all, cell types are called _____. (Concept 21.2) [Hint]
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| 12 . |
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"Therapeutic cloning" refers to _____. (Concept 21.2) [Hint]
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| 13 . |
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Differentiation _____. (Concept 21.2) [Hint]
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| 14 . |
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Specific cells that appear undifferentiated under the microscope but are already fated to become muscle cells are called _____. (Concept 21.2) [Hint]
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| 15 . |
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MyoD promotes muscle cell development by _____. (Concept 21.2) [Hint]
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| 16 . |
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Which of the following has the earliest influence on development? (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 17 . |
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Cytoplasmic determinants _____. (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 18 . |
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Cells can influence each other's development by a process known as _____. (Concept 21.2) [Hint]
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| 19 . |
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In contrast to the vertebrate blastula, the fruit fly blastula _____. (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 20 . |
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Instead of developing a head and a tail, a Drosophila embryo develops two tails. This is most likely due to _____. (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 21 . |
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Cytoplasmic determinants encoded by _____ genes are present in unfertilized Drosophila eggs. (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 22 . |
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Which of the following sequences of gene expression is correct for a developing fruit fly? (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
| | egg-polarity genes, segmentation genes, homeotic genes |
| | homeotic genes, egg-polarity genes, segmentation genes |
| | segmentation genes, maternal effect genes, egg-polarity genes |
| | segmentation genes, egg-polarity genes, homeotic genes |
| | egg-polarity genes, homeotic genes, segmentation genes |
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| 23 . |
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A homeotic gene does which of the following? (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 24 . |
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When out for a walk with a friend you come across a grasshopper whose thorax bears two pairs of legs and one pair of antennae (a grasshopper usually has antennae on its head). Displaying your considerable knowledge of animal development, you explain to your friend that a possible cause of this unusual situation would be a mutation in a _____ gene. (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 25 . |
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A complete cell lineage diagram, which shows the fate of all the somatic cells of an adult organism, has been developed for _____. (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 26 . |
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During development, which of the following is the first thing that happens when an inducer acts on target cells? (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 27 . |
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If the anchor cell is destroyed, C. elegans will fail to develop a(n) _____. (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 28 . |
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In C. elegans the gene that initiates the cascade that results in apoptosis is the _____ gene. (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 29 . |
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If not for apoptosis, you would _____. (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 30 . |
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Which of the following genes does not encode a protein that plays a role in animal development? (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 31 . |
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In tomatoes, the fasciated gene determines the _____. (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 32 . |
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In plants, the structures that develop from meristems depend on the expression of _____ genes. (Concept 21.3) [Hint]
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| 33 . |
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The highly conserved sequence element present within homeotic genes is called the _____. (Concept 21.4) [Hint]
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| 34 . |
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The similarity of the homeobox in many different kinds of organisms is evidence _____. (Concept 21.4) [Hint]
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| 35 . |
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The development of plants is similar to the development of animals in that both depend on _____; it is different in that animals are more dependent on _____. (Concept 21.4) [Hint]
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