Home > 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy > Chapter Quiz
 
 
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
 
Chapter Quiz
 

Chapter Quiz


1 .       A molecule becomes more oxidized when it _____. (Concept 9.1E-Book) [Hint]

 changes shape
 gains a hydrogen (H+) ion
 loses a hydrogen (H+) ion
 gains an electron
 loses an electron
2 .       In the overall process of glycolysis and cellular respiration, _____ is oxidized and _____ is reduced. (Concept 9.1E-Book) [Hint]

 oxygen ... ATP
 ATP ... oxygen
 glucose ... oxygen
 carbon dioxide ... water
 glucose ... ATP
3 .       Most of the ATP produced in cellular respiration comes from which of the following processes? (Concept 9.1E-Book) [Hint]

 glycolysis
 oxidative phosphorylation
 reduction of NADH
 substrate-level phosphorylation
 the citric acid cycle
4 .       Oxygen gas (O2) is one of the strongest oxidizing agents known. The explanation for this is that _____. (Concept 9.1E-Book) [Hint]

 oxygen is so abundant in the atmosphere
 oxygen gas is composed of two atoms of oxygen
 oxygen gas contains a double bond
 the oxygen atom is very electronegative
 oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration
5 .       The function of cellular respiration is to _____. (Concept 9.1E-Book) [Hint]

 reduce CO2
 extract CO2 from the atmosphere
 extract usable energy from glucose
 synthesize macromolecules from monomers
 produce carbohydrates
6 .       During the reaction C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ® 6 CO2 + 6 H2O, which compound is reduced as a result of the reaction? (Concept 9.1E-Book) [Hint]

 oxygen
 glucose
 carbon dioxide
 water
 both glucose and carbon dioxide
7 .       Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for why the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen (O2) yields so much energy? (Concept 9.1E-Book) [Hint]

 The oxygen atom has a higher affinity for electrons than the carbon atom.
 The reaction has a very negative free-energy change.
 In cells, this reaction is capable of providing the energy for ATP synthesis.
 This is an example of a redox reaction, and all redox reactions produce a large amount of energy.
 Any reaction that produces water as a product will also release a lot of energy.


8 .       Each ATP molecule contains about 1% of the amount of chemical energy available from the complete oxidation of a single glucose molecule. Cellular respiration produces about 38 ATP from one glucose molecule. What happens to the rest of the energy in glucose? (Concept 9.1E-Book) [Hint]

 It is stored as fat.
 It is converted to heat.
 It is used to make water from hydrogen ions and oxygen.
 It is released as carbon dioxide and water
 It is converted to starch.
9 .       A small amount of ATP is made in glycolysis by which of the following processes? (Concept 9.2E-Book) [Hint]

 transfer of a phosphate group from a fragment of glucose to ADP by substrate-level phosphorylation
 harnessing energy from the sun
 transport of electrons through a series of carriers
 transfer of electrons and hydrogen atoms to NAD+
 attachment of a free inorganic phosphate (Pi) group to ADP to make ATP
10 .       A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks phosphoglucoisomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in glycolysis. He wants to use the drug to kill bacteria in people with infections. But he can't do this because _____. (Concept 9.2E-Book) [Hint]

 bacteria are prokaryotes; they usually don't need to perform glycolysis
 glycolysis produces so little ATP that the drug will have little effect
 human cells must also perform glycolysis; the drug might also poison them
 this step in the pathway of glycolysis can be skipped in bacteria, but not in humans
 glycolysis can occur without the action of enzymes
11 .       In glycolysis, there is no production of carbon dioxide as a product of the pathway. Which of the following is the best explanation for this? (Concept 9.2E-Book) [Hint]

 There are no oxidation or reduction reactions in glycolysis to produce CO2.
 There is very little ATP produced in glycolysis.
 The two pyruvate molecules produced from each glucose molecule each contain three carbon atoms.
 The initial steps of glycolysis require an input of energy in the form of ATP (two per glucose).
 None of the above is correct.
12 .       Of the following molecules in the glycolytic pathway (the process of glycolysis), the one with the most chemical energy is _____. (Concept 9.2E-Book) [Hint]

 pyruvate
 glucose
 fructose-6-phosphate
 fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
13 .       During respiration in a eukaryotic cell, reactions of glycolysis occur _____. (Concept 9.2E-Book) [Hint]

 in the cytosol
 in the matrix of the mitochondrion
 in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
 in the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion
 across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
14 .       What is the name of the process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate with the production of ATP and NADH? (Concept 9.2E-Book) [Hint]

 chemiosmotic theory
 fermentation
 glycolysis
 the citric acid cycle
 none of the above
15 .       Most of the NADH that delivers electrons to the electron transport chain comes from which of the following? (Concept 9.3E-Book) [Hint]

 oxidative phosphorylation
 substrate-level phosphorylation
 glycolysis
 anabolic pathways
 the citric acid cycle
16 .       In an experiment, mice were fed glucose (C6H12O6) containing a small amount of radioactive oxygen. The mice were closely monitored, and in a few minutes radioactive oxygen atoms showed up in which compound? (Concept 9.3E-Book) [Hint]

 carbon dioxide
 NADH
 water
 ATP
 oxygen gas
17 .       In preparing pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle, which of the following steps does not occur? (Concept 9.3E-Book) [Hint]

 It is oxidized, and the resulting electrons reduce an NAD+ to an NADH.
 A carbon atom is released in carbon dioxide.
 A compound called coenzyme A binds to a two-carbon fragment.
 The product of this reaction is transferred from the cytoplasm to the matrix of the mitochondria.
 All of the above are steps in the metabolism of pyruvate before its entry into the citric acid cycle.
18 .       Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle? (Concept 9.3E-Book) [Hint]

 The pyruvate that enters the cycle is regenerated in the last step of the pathway.
 NAD+ and FAD are recycled.
 The four-carbon acid that accepts the acetyl CoA in the first step of the cycle is regenerated by the last step of the cycle.
 All of the carbon from glucose is cycled back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
 NADH is cycled down the electron transport chain.
19 .       In the citric acid cycle, for each pyruvate that enters the cycle, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 are produced. For each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis, how many ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are produced in the citric acid cycle? (Concept 9.3E-Book) [Hint]

 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
 4 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
 3 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2
 about 38 ATP
 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2
20 .       During respiration in a eukaryotic cell, reactions of the citric acid cycle occur _____. (Concept 9.3E-Book) [Hint]

 in the cytosol
 in the matrix of the mitochondrion
 in the cristae of the mitochondrion
 in the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion
 across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
21 .       How many molecules of ATP are gained by substrate-level phosphorylation from the complete breakdown of a single molecule of glucose in the presence of oxygen? (Concept 9.3E-Book) [Hint]

 2
 4
 3
 about 38 ATP
 none of the above
22 .       Which of the following represents the major (but not the only) energy accomplishment of the citric acid cycle? (Concept 9.3E-Book) [Hint]

 formation of CO2
 formation of ATP
 formation of NADH and FADH2
 utilization of O2
 completion of substrate-level phosphorylation
23 .       After completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of _____. (Concept 9.3E-Book) [Hint]

 acetyl CoA
 ATP
 NADH
 CO2
 FADH2
24 .       Which of the following accompanies the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA before the citric acid cycle? (Concept 9.3E-Book) [Hint]

 formation of CO2 and ATP
 formation of CO2 and NADH
 formation of CO2 and coenzyme A
 completion of one turn of the citric acid cycle
 regeneration of NAD+
25 .       The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used in which of the following processes? (Concept 9.4E-Book) [Hint]

 the breakdown of glucose
 the production of NADH and FADH2
 pumping H+ across a membrane
 the oxidation of water
 the production of CO2
26 .       The ATP synthase in a human cell obtains energy for making ATP directly from which of the following processes? (Concept 9.4E-Book) [Hint]

 the oxidation of NADH and FADH2
 the flow of H+ across a membrane through the ATP synthase enzyme
 the oxidation of glucose
 the movement of electrons through a series of carriers
 the reduction of oxygen
27 .       When a poison such as cyanide blocks the electron transport chain, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle soon grind to a halt as well. Which of the following is the best explanation for this? (Concept 9.4E-Book) [Hint]

 A high level of NADH is present in the cell.
 The uptake of oxygen stops because electron transport was inhibited.
 NAD+ and FAD are not available for glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to continue.
 Electrons are no longer available from the electron transport chain to power glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
 They run out of ADP.
28 .       Which of the following sequences correctly describes the synthesis of ATP associated with electron transport in mitochondria? (Concept 9.4E-Book) [Hint]

 NADH, electron transport, chemiosmosis, proton gradient
 NADH, electron transport, proton gradient, substrate-level phosphorylation
 NADH, electron transport, proton gradient, chemiosmosis
 NADH, electron transport, substrate-level phosphorylation, ATP
 None of the above correctly shows the pattern of energy flow between electron transport and ATP synthesis.
29 .       Most of the electrons removed from glucose by cellular respiration are used for which of the following processes? (Concept 9.4E-Book) [Hint]

 reducing NAD+ to NADH in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
 producing a proton gradient for ATP synthesis in the mitochondria
 driving substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis
 The first two choices are correct.
 The first three answers are correct.
30 .       Which part of the cellular catabolism of glucose both requires molecular oxygen (O2) and produces CO2? (Concept 9.4E-Book) [Hint]

 glycolysis
 the citric acid cycle
 the electron transport chain
 the combination of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
 the combination of the citric acid cycle and electron transport
31 .       During aerobic respiration, molecular oxygen (O2) is used for which of the following purposes? (Concept 9.4E-Book) [Hint]

 at the end of glycolysis to oxidize pyruvate
 at the end of the citric acid cycle to regenerate citric acid
 between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to split a carbon from pyruvate, producing CO2
 as a source of O2 in every reaction that produces CO2
 at the end of the electron transport chain to accept electrons and form H2O
32 .       Which of the following substances, if any, is not directly involved in oxidative phosphorylation? (Concept 9.4E-Book) [Hint]

 ADP
 oxygen
 ATP
 glucose
 All of the above are involved in oxidative phosphorylation.
33 .       Which one of the following best describes the electron transport chain? (Concept 9.4E-Book) [Hint]

 Electrons are pumped across a membrane by active transport.
 Acetyl CoA is fully oxidized to CO2.
 Hydrogen atoms are added to CO2 to make an energy-rich compound.
 Electrons are passed from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step.
 Glucose is broken down to a three-carbon compound in preparation for the citric acid cycle.
34 .       If a compound that allows protons to freely diffuse across membranes is added to cells that are actively metabolizing glucose via cellular respiration, which of the following processes would stop? (Concept 9.4E-Book) [Hint]

 glycolysis
 electron transport
 ATP synthesis
 none of the above
 all of the above
35 .       Which one of the following is the source of the energy that produces the chemiosmotic gradient in mitochondria? (Concept 9.4E-Book) [Hint]

 ATP
 an ATP-dependent proton pump
 the production of NADH
 the components of the electron transport chain
 electrons moving down the electron transport chain
36 .       During respiration in a eukaryotic cell, the electron transport chain is located in or on the _____. (Concept 9.4E-Book) [Hint]

 cytosol
 matrix of the mitochondrion
 inner membrane of the mitochondrion
 intermembrane space of the mitochondrion
 none of the above
37 .       The overall efficiency of respiration (the percentage of the energy released that is saved in ATP) is approximately _____. (Concept 9.4E-Book) [Hint]

 0.5%
 2%
 40%
 94%
 100%
38 .       Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which pyruvate is reduced to form lactate or alcohol and carbon dioxide. This last step _____. (Concept 9.5E-Book) [Hint]

 removes poisonous oxygen from the environment
 extracts a bit more energy from glucose
 enables the cell to recycle NAD+
 prevents pyruvate from accumulating
 enables the cell to make pyruvate into substances it can use
39 .       Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of which of the following compounds? (Concept 9.5E-Book) [Hint]

 ATP
 lactate
 carbon dioxide
 ADP
 oxygen
40 .       In glycolysis in the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound? (Concept 9.5E-Book) [Hint]

 ethanol
 carbon dioxide
 NAD+
 lactate
 glucose
41 .       Muscle tissues make lactate from pyruvate in order to do which of the following? (Concept 9.5E-Book) [Hint]

 speed up the rate of glycolysis
 get rid of pyruvate produced by glycolysis
 utilize the energy in pyruvate
 produce additional CO2
 regenerate NAD+
42 .       In brewing beer, maltose (a disaccharide of glucose) is _____. (Concept 9.5E-Book) [Hint]

 a flavoring ingredient
 the substrate for aerobic respiration
 the substrate for alcoholic fermentation
 one of the enzymes for alcoholic fermentation
 a substitute for pyruvate that cannot be made in yeast
43 .       If muscle cells in the human body consume O2 faster than it can be supplied, which of the following is likely to result? (Concept 9.5E-Book) [Hint]

 The muscle cells will have more trouble making enough ATP to meet their energy requirements.
 The cells will not be able to carry out oxidative phosphorylation.
 The cells will consume glucose at an increased rate.
 The first two answers are correct.
 The first three answers are correct.
44 .       Of the metabolic pathways listed below, which is the only pathway found in all organisms? (Concept 9.5E-Book) [Hint]

 cellular respiration
 the citric acid cycle
 the electron transport chain
 glycolysis
 fermentation
45 .       When protein molecules are used as fuel for cellular respiration, _____ are produced as waste. (Concept 9.6E-Book) [Hint]

 amino groups
 fatty acids
 sugar molecules
 molecules of lactate
 ethanol and CO2
46 .       A gram of fat oxidized by respiration produces approximately twice as much ATP as a gram of carbohydrate. Which of the following best explains this observation? (Concept 9.6E-Book) [Hint]

 Fats are produced when cells take in more food than they need.
 Fats are better electron donors to oxygen than are sugars.
 Fats are less soluble in water than sugars.
 Fats do not form true macromolecules like sugars do.
 Fats are closely related to lipid molecules, the basic building blocks of cellular membranes.
47 .       If significant amounts of materials are removed from the citric acid cycle to produce amino acids for protein synthesis, which of the following will result? (Concept 9.6E-Book) [Hint]

 Less ATP will be produced by the cell.
 Less CO2 will be produced by the cell.
 The four-carbon compound that combines with acetyl CoA will have to be made by some other process.
 The first two answers are correct.
 The first three answers are correct.





©2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings