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Chapter 30: Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants
 
Chapter Quiz
 

Chapter Quiz


1 .       Which one of the following is true of seed plants, but not true of seedless plants? (Concept 30.1E-Book) [Hint]

 The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte.
 The sporophyte is large, and the gametophyte is small and independent.
 The gametophyte is reduced and dependent on the sporophyte.
 The spore is the main means of dispersing the offspring.
 A film of water is necessary for sperm to come in contact with eggs.
2 .       Which characteristic below is not unique to seed plants? (Concept 30.1E-Book) [Hint]

 ovules
 pollen
 micropyle
 spores
 seed coat
3 .       The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____. (Concept 30.1E-Book) [Hint]

 produces spores
 is called the gametophyte
 is larger and more conspicuous than the haploid stage
 develops from a spore
 produces eggs and sperm
4 .       The closest seedless relatives of seed plants produce one kind of spore that gives rise to a bisexual gametophyte. What does this suggest about the ancestors of seed plants? (Concept 30.1E-Book) [Hint]

 They were gymnosperms.
 They were bryophytes.
 They were heterosporous.
 They were homosporous.
 They produced separate male and female gametophytes.


5 .       The eggs of seed plants are fertilized within ovules, and the ovules then develop into _____. (Concept 30.1E-Book) [Hint]

 seeds
 spores
 gametophytes
 fruit
 ovaries
6 .       The cells within pollen grains are _____ and together comprise the _____. (Concept 30.1E-Book) [Hint]

 diploid ... spores
 diploid ... sperm nuclei
 haploid ... spores
 haploid ... male gametophyte
 diploid ... a new sporophyte
7 .       Which example below is evidence provided by living gymnosperms of an evolutionary transition between seedless and seed plants? (Concept 30.1E-Book) [Hint]

 The sperm of some gymnosperms have flagella.
 The sperm of gymnosperms do not require water or mobility for fertilization.
 Some gymnosperms do not have reduced gametophytes.
 Gymnosperms only have one integument.
 In gymnosperms, two sperm are discharged into the pollen tube.


8 .       Seeds have advantages over spores. For example, _____. (Concept 30.1E-Book) [Hint]

 seeds contain embryonic plants, an abundant food supply, and a protective covering
 seeds can survive for extended periods of time at reduced metabolic rates
 seeds are single cells, demanding fewer nutrients from the parent plants
 seeds can survive even in conditions that are unfavorable for the parent plants
 most seeds are poisonous; therefore, they are not consumed by animals and persist in the environment for long periods of time
9 .       Which of the gymnosperm phyla below are characterized by large cones and fern-like leaves and thrived during the Age of Dinosaurs? (Concept 30.2E-Book) [Hint]

 phylum Anthopyta
 phylum Gnetophyta
 phylum Coniferophyta
 phylum Ginkgophyta
 phylum Cycadophyta
10 .       What significant change occurred on Earth between the Carboniferous period and the Permian that most likely contributed to the success of the gymnosperms? (Concept 30.2E-Book) [Hint]

 The climate became drier and warmer.
 An asteroid hit Earth, leading to mass extinctions that made way for gymnosperms to take over lands where other plants had perished.
 Reptiles decreased in diversity and were replaced with amphibians better adapted for seed dispersal.
 The breakup of Pangaea changed the flora and fauna of Earth dramatically.
 Insects developed flight.


11 .       What is located in the scalelike structures packed densely in pollen cones? (Concept 30.2E-Book) [Hint]

 sporophytes
 sporangia
 developing seedlings
 megasporocytes
 developing pollen tubes
12 .       In a typical conifer, how long does it take for fertilization to occur after pollination? (Concept 30.2E-Book) [Hint]

 the processes are simultaneous
 one season
 one year
 three years
 pollination occurs after fertilization
13 .       Which types of angiosperms would most likely be wind-pollinated rather than animal-pollinated? (Concept 30.3E-Book.) [Hint]

 maize and wheat
 oak and maple trees
 roses and tiger lilies
 The first and second answers are correct.
 None of the choices are correct. Plants with flowers are not wind-pollinated.


14 .       Like gymnosperms, many grasses and angiosperm trees are wind-pollinated. To conserve energy, these angiosperms do not produce complete flowers (complete flowers have all four of the basic parts). Which part would wind-pollinated angiosperms most likely not have? (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 petals
 sepals
 anthers
 ovaries
 fruits
15 .       The portion of a flower that receives the pollen is the _____. (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 filament
 ovary
 anther
 stigma
 style
16 .       During pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the _____ to the _____. (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 ovary ... anther
 stigma ... ovary
 anther ... sepal
 carpel ... stigma
 anther ... stigma
17 .       A pea pod is formed from _____. A pea inside the pod is formed from _____. (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 an ovule ... a carpel
 an ovary ... an ovule
 an ovary ... a pollen grain
 an anther ... an ovule
 endosperm ... an ovary
18 .       After fertilization, the _____ develops into a seed and the _____ develops into a fruit. (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 ovule ... ovary
 pollen grain ... ovule
 ovary ... ovule
 egg ... ovule
 egg ... ovary
19 .       Which one of the following best describes the function of fruits? (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 protection and dispersal of seeds
 reward for pollinators
 food storage for the plant to use over the winter
 to distract herbivores from eating the leaves
 Depending on the plant species, any of the above are possible.


20 .       A plant is said to be cross-pollinated if _____. (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 pollen grains are transferred to a flower on a different plant
 it is pollinated by wind
 it is pollinated by insects
 its source of pollen is a different species of plant
 pollen grains are transferred from a different flower on the same plant
21 .       The pollen tube releases two sperm cells into the embryo sac. The result of this is the _____. (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 union of the two sperm nuclei, forming a zygote
 union of one sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus while the other sperm nucleus unites with two nuclei of another megagametophyte cell, forming a triploid nucleus
 union of one sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus and the disintegration of the other sperm nucleus
 fusion of both sperm nuclei with the egg nucleus and the formation of a triploid zygote
 formation of a gametophyte
22 .       Of the following, which is a difference between how reproduction occurs in gymnosperms compared to angiosperms? (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 Only angiosperm pollen grains form pollen tubes.
 Only the sperm of angiosperms combine with megagametophyte nuclei to form triploid endosperm.
 Double fertilization only occurs in gymnosperms.
 Only gymnosperms can contain male and female sporangia on the same plant.
 Only angiosperms have reduced gametophytes.


23 .       The triploid nucleus of the embryo sac develops into the _____. (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 embryo
 endosperm
 fruit
 carpel
 seed
24 .       In gymnosperms, the seed coat develops from the integument. In angiosperms, the seed coat develops from the _____. (Concept 30.1E-Book) [Hint]

 ovary wall
 pericarp
 endosperm
 female gametophyte
 integuments
25 .       Which example below would cast doubt on Frohlich's evo-devo hypothesis regarding the evolution of flowers? (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 Transitional fossils are discovered which provide evidence that angiosperms originated as aquatic plants.
 Homologous genes are discovered that give rise to flowers and cones.
 Flowering plants that undergo mutations can grow ovules on sepals and petals.
 The fossil record shows that earliest ancestors of angiosperms had flowers with both male and female parts.
 None of the above.
26 .       The vast majority of angiosperms with two cotyledons formerly classified as _____ are now classified as _____. (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 monocot ... dicot
 eudicot ... dicot
 dicot ... eudicot
 moncot ... magnoliids
 eudicot ... basal angiosperms
27 .       Which of the following characterizes eudicots? (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 pollen grains with three openings, floral parts in multiples of three, netlike veins
 two cotyledons, netlike veins, taproot usually present
 one cotyledon, vascular bundles in rings, pollen grains with three openings
 scattered vascular bundles, netlike veins, floral parts in multiples of five
 leaves with parallel veins, taproot usually present, vascular bundles arranged in rings
28 .       A bright pink flower with deep floral tubes will most likely be pollinated by which mechanism? (Concept 30.3E-Book) [Hint]

 birds with long beaks
 bats
 honeybees
 wind
 self-pollination
29 .       At current rates of deforestation, tropical rain forests will be eliminated in _____ years. (Concept 30.4E-Book) [Hint]

 10
 25
 100
 250
 1,000
30 .       Besides the plant tissue that humans ingest, which angiosperm tissue is most directly important for human survival? (Concept 30.4E-Book) [Hint]

 phloem
 sepals
 bark
 cones
 xylem





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