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Chapter 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange
 
Pre-Test
 

Pre-Test


1 .       In which of the following animals are blood and interstitial fluid considered to be the same body fluid? (Concept 42.1E-Book) [Hint]

 grasshopper
 jelly
 fish
 dog
 sparrow
2 .       Which statement regarding the mammalian heart is false? (Concept 42.2E-Book) [Hint]

 Blood arrives at the heart via the atria.
 Blood is pumped from the heart via the ventricles.
 Oxygen-loaded blood moves only through the left side of the heart.
 When the right atrium contracts, it forces blood into the left ventricle.
 Blood in the right chambers of the heart cannot enter the left chambers without passing through the lungs.
3 .       Which of the following best describes an artery? (Concept 42.3E-Book) [Hint]

 Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
 Arteries carry oxygenated blood.
 Arteries contain valves.
 Arteries have thin walls compared with veins.
 Arteries carry blood away from capillaries.
4 .       Which statement is true about blood vessels? (Concept 42.3E-Book) [Hint]

 Arteries carry blood toward the atria of the heart.
 Veins transport blood from the heart to the capillaries.
 Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart.
 The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
 Arteries carry oxygenated blood; veins carry oxygen-poor blood.
5 .       Stroke occurs when _____. (Concept 42.4E-Book) [Hint]

 the pacemaker becomes defective, producing an irregular heartbeat
 a blood clot enters and blocks one of the coronary arteries
 a blood clot dislodges from a vein and moves into the lung, where it blocks a pulmonary artery
 a blood clot enters the cerebral circulation, blocking an artery and causing the death of brain tissue
 the walls of an artery accumulate deposits and lose their flexibility and elasticity
6 .       Which of the following has no specialized respiratory structures? (Concept 42.5E-Book) [Hint]

 crab
 earthworm
 salmon
 ant
 snake
7 .       An advantage of gas exchange in water, compared with gas exchange in air, is that _____. (Concept 42.5E-Book) [Hint]

 water usually contains a higher concentration of oxygen than air
 water is easier to move over the respiratory surface
 the respiratory surface does not dry out in water
 ventilation requires less energy in water
 the respiratory surface does not have to be as extensive in water
8 .       Inhaled air passes through which of the following last? (Concept 42.5E-Book) [Hint]

 bronchiole
 larynx
 pharynx
 trachea
 bronchus
9 .       _____ in carbon dioxide in your blood, which causes _____ in pH, would cause your breathing to speed up. (Concept 42.6E-Book) [Hint]

 An increase ... a rise
 An increase ... a drop
 A decrease ... a rise
 A decrease ... a drop
 Actually, it is the rise and fall of oxygen, not carbon dioxide, that controls breathing.
10 .       The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin _____. (Concept 42.7E-Book) [Hint]

 increases in the presence of high oxygen concentrations
 decreases in the presence of high oxygen concentrations
 increases with increasing acidity at the tissue level
 is called the Bohr shift
 increases as the pH of tissues decreases





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