water
	carbon dioxide
	chlorophyll
	the sun
	soil

	a bacterium
	a pine tree
	a mushroom
	seaweed
	algae

	through the chloroplasts
	through the mesophyll
	through the thylakoids
	through the stomata
	through the vascular system

	chloroplasts, which are in mesophyll cells in the thylakoids of a leaf
	mesophyll cells, found within the thylakoids of a leaf's chloroplasts
	thylakoids, which are in mesophyll cells in the chloroplasts of a leaf
	chloroplasts, which are in thylakoids in the mesophyll cells of a leaf
	thylakoids, which are in chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells of a leaf

	grana stacks
	stroma
	stomata
	plasma membrane
	Golgi apparatus

	carbon dioxide
	glucose
	radioisotopes
	water
	light

	as molecular oxygen
	in sugar molecules
	in water
	as molecular oxygen and in sugar molecules
	in sugar molecules and in water

	glycolysis
	light reactions of photosynthesis
	the Calvin cycle
	aerobic respiration
	electron transport chain

	It is often too cold at night for these reactions to take place.
	Carbon dioxide concentrations decrease at night.
	The Calvin cycle depends on products of the light reactions.
	Plants usually open their stomata at night.
	At night, plants cannot produce the water needed for the Calvin cycle.

	thylakoid membrane
	(inner) thylakoid space
	stroma
	stomata
	matrix

	green
	yellow
	blue
	orange
	red

	capture light energy
	screen out harmful ultraviolet rays
	store energy in glucose molecules
	release energy from glucose molecules
	store energy in ATP

	green, which is why plants are green
	blue-violet and red-orange
	the entire spectrum of white light
	the infrared
	the range absorbed by carotenoids

	an effective spectrum
	an absorption spectrum
	an electromagnetic spectrum
	a visible light spectrum
	an action spectrum

	they become reduced
	they lose potential energy
	their electrons become excited
	the Calvin cycle is triggered
	their photons become excited

	fluorescence center
	photosystem
	electron transport chain
	carbon-fixation unit
	electromagnetic spectrum

	other chlorophyll molecules
	ATP
	the electron transport chain
	light
	water

	CO2 ... photosystem II
	H2O ... photosystem II
	CO2 ... Calvin cycle
	H2O ... photosystem I
	CO2 ... both photosystem I and the Calvin cycle

	transport NADPH from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle
	transport excited electrons from P700 to an electron acceptor
	transport excited electrons from P680 to an electron acceptor
	transport electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I
	transport excited electrons from P700 to an electron acceptor and transport excited electrons from P680 to an electron acceptor

	electrons
	ATP
	NADPH
	DPGA
	none of the above

	use a hydrogen ion (proton) gradient to produce ATP
	obtain electrons from water
	reduce NAD+, forming NADP
	release oxygen as a by-product
	are surrounded by a single membrane

	be inside a mitochondrion
	function in energy transformation
	have photosynthetic pigments
	contain protein but not lipids
	Grana and cristae are indistinguishable.

	thylakoid membrane
	(inner) thylakoid space
	stroma
	stomata
	matrix

	ATP ... NADPH ... oxygen
	oxygen ... sugar ... ATP
	chlorophyll ... ATP ... NADPH
	water ... sugar ... oxygen
	NADPH ... ATP ... oxygen

	the burning of sugar molecules
	splitting water
	movement of H+ through a membrane
	carbon fixation
	fluorescence

	It assists chlorophyll in capturing light.
	It acts as the primary electron acceptor for the photosystems.
	As part of the electron transport chain, it manufactures ATP.
	It assists photosystem II in the splitting of water.
	It is reduced and then carries electrons to the Calvin cycle.

	convert sunlight to chemical energy
	synthesize ATP and NADPH
	reduce CO2
	convey excited electrons from chlorophyll to an electron acceptor
	absorb photons

	the enzyme in plants that first captures CO2 to begin the Calvin cycle
	the enzyme responsible for splitting H2O to produce O2 in photosynthesis
	the enzyme that forms a 4-carbon compound in CAM metabolism
	the first stable intermediate in CAM metabolism
	the 5-carbon sugar molecule that reacts with CO2 to begin the Calvin cycle

	with a 2-carbon compound to form a 3-carbon compound
	with a 5-carbon compound to form an unstable 6-carbon compound, which decomposes into two 3-carbon compounds
	with a 7-carbon compound to form two 4-carbon compounds
	with a 5-carbon compound to form a stable 6-carbon compound that can be converted directly to glucose
	with two 2-carbon compounds to form a 5-carbon compound

	It is produced from glucose during glycolysis.
	It is produced from pyruvate before entering the mitochondria.
	It is an amino acid used for making protein.
	It is part of photosystem I.
	It is a compound unique to photosynthesis.

	carbon dioxide: high-energy electrons ... ATP: energy ... NADPH: carbon
	carbon dioxide: carbon ... ATP: energy ... NADPH: high-energy electrons
	carbon dioxide: high-energy electrons ... ATP: carbon ... NADPH: energy
	carbon dioxide: energy ... ATP: carbon ... NADPH: high-energy electrons
	carbon dioxide: hydrogen ... ATP: carbon ... NADPH: energy

	It helps produce ATP from the light reactions.
	It absorbs light energy.
	It forms part of photosystem II.
	It is the primary electron acceptor.
	It forms NADPH to be used in the Calvin cycle.

	It reduces water loss.
	It prevents carbon dioxide from entering the leaf.
	In a process called photorespiration, rubisco binds oxygen instead of carbon dioxide.
	It builds up oxygen from the light reactions in the leaf.
	All of the above.

	They do not close their stomata in hot, dry weather.
	Unlike C3 plants, they keep fixing carbon dioxide even when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the leaf is low.
	They evolved in cold weather but migrated to the tropics where they were more suitable.
	They suspend photosynthesis in the heat.
	The same cells that bind carbon dioxide perform the Calvin cycle.

	Even though it can't carry out the light reactions, the plant can still produce sugars because the Calvin cycle doesn't require light.
	While it did have access to light, the plant stored energy in the form of sugars or starch, and it was able to derive energy from the stored molecules during your vacation.
	Even though the plant received no visible light, it was able to use the short-wave part of the electromagnetic spectrum (gamma rays and X-rays) to carry out photosynthesis.
	When light energy is not available, plants can derive energy from inorganic molecules.
	None of the above.