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Chapter 31: Fungi
 
Chapter Quiz
 

Chapter Quiz


1 .       _____ fungi are decomposers. (Concept 31.1E-Book) [Hint]

 Mutualistic
 Parasitic
 Absorptive
 Saprobic
 Mycorrhizal
2 .       There is a fungus in Oregon that covers 890 hectares! The bulk of this fungus is most likely _____. (Concept 31.1E-Book) [Hint]

 reproductive structures
 haustoria
 pathogenic
 mycelium
 sporangia
3 .       In fungi, the function of the mycelium is _____. (Concept 31.1E-Book) [Hint]

 dispersal to distant habitats
 defense
 obtaining food
 surviving a period of food shortage
 movement
4 .       Fungi that consist of a continuous mass containing hundreds or thousands of nuclei are known as _____. (Concept 31.1E-Book) [Hint]

 septic
 coenocytic
 dikaryon
 imperfect fungi
 chytrids
5 .       The hyphae of parasitic fungi that are modified to penetrate and absorb nutrients from host tissue are called _____. (Concept 31.1E-Book) [Hint]

 haustoria
 asci
 mycorrhizae
 septa
 basidiocarps
6 .       Which choice below generally represents the correct order of events in fungal sexual reproduction? (Concept 31.1E-Book) [Hint]

 karyogamy, meiosis, plasmogamy, germination
 meiosis, plasmogamy, karyogamy, germination
 germination, meiosis, karyogamy, plasmogamy
 plasmogamy, meiosis, germination, karyogamy
 plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis, germination
7 .       Which one of the following statements about fungi is false? (Concept 31.2E-Book) [Hint]

 The dominant stage of the life cycle is usually multinucleate haploid.
 Fungal spores are diploid cells in virtually all species.
 Most species obtain their nutrients from decaying organic matter.
 Spores germinate and then mitotically divide to form a mycelium.
 The haploid nuclei of dikaryotic hyphal cells fuse to form a diploid zygote.
8 .       What role do pheromones play in fungal sexual reproduction? (Concept 31.2E-Book) [Hint]

 Fungi use these chemical signals to determine whether a potential sexual partner is of a suitable mating type.
 Pheromones allow the hyphae of two distinct mycelia to follow each other as they grow.
 After plasmogamy, pheromones cause the haploid nuclei from each parent to exchange genes.
 Pheromones initiate zygotes to form during karyogamy.
 Pheromones initiate the production of spores in molds.


9 .       Hyphae with two nuclei per cell are called _____. (Concept 31.2E-Book) [Hint]

 diploid
 multicellular
 dikaryotic
 asci (plural of ascus)
 prokaryotic
10 .       We know the yeasts are not protists because under certain conditions they form short filaments of cells, or hyphae. Additional evidence that they are fungi is that they _____. (Concept 31.2E-Book) [Hint]

 have cellulose walls
 undergo binary fission
 produce photosynthetic membranes when grown in the light
 produce asci when they reproduce sexually
 engulf organic particles in their environment
11 .       Fungal species are classified in a particular phylum based on _____. (Concept 31.2E-Book) [Hint]

 their mode of nutrition
 their type of motility
 whether they produce sexually or asexually
 the type of sexual structure they form
 whether they are mutualistic or parasitic


12 .       Molecular evidence suggests that fungi _____. (Concept 31.3E-Book) [Hint]

 are a polyphyletic group
 and animals have a common ancestor
 evolved from a multicellular protist
 evolved from plants
 were once photosynthetic
13 .       In contrast to plants, the cell walls of fungi are composed of _____. (Concept 31.3E-Book) [Hint]

 lignin
 cellulose
 peptidoglycan
 pectin
 chitin
14 .       Which feature below is unique to chytrids? (Concept 31.4E-Book) [Hint]

 asci (spore-producing sacs)
 zoospores (flagellated spores)
 cell walls made of chitin
 conidia (asexual spores)
 soredia
15 .       Which statement below about zygosporangia is false? (Concept 31.4E-Book) [Hint]

 They are metabolically inactive.
 They are resistant to freezing and drying.
 They are a product of asexual reproduction in molds.
 They are produced through plasmogamy
 They are multinucleate formations.


16 .       Which is a unique feature of glomeromycetes? (Concept 31.4E-Book) [Hint]

 mycorrhizae
 arbuscles
 ascocarps
 the containment of millions of photosynthetic microorganisms in their hyphae
 soredia
17 .       An ascus is _____. (Concept 31.4E-Book) [Hint]

 a saclike structure containing spores
 an asexual spore-producing structure on a stalk
 a club-shaped cell with spores on its outer surface
 a cup-shaped structure containing many spore-producing cells on the gill of a mushroom
 the sexual structure of chytrids
18 .       The asexual spores produced by members of the phylum Ascomycota are called _____. (Concept 31.4E-Book) [Hint]

 conidia
 lichens
 mushrooms
 mycorrhizae
 asci
19 .       The mushroom in a basidiomycete life cycle serves the same function as the _____ in the ascomycete life cycle, which is to _____. (Concept 31.4E-Book) [Hint]

 plasmodium ... form gametes
 dikaryon ... store a food reserve
 ascocarp ... scatter sexually produced spores
 conidium ... supply the rest of the fungus with chitin monomers
 zygosporangium ... produce sexual spores
20 .       While hiking through a forest, you discover a fungus growing on the remains of a decaying tree trunk. You hypothesize that it is a basidiomycete fungus because it resembles a mushroom in shape and size. If your logic is correct, microscopic analysis of the tissue found in the stalk of this fungus will reveal the presence of _____. (Concept 31.4E-Book) [Hint]

 monokaryotic cells with a haploid nucleus
 dikaryotic cells with haploid nuclei
 monokaryotic cells with diploid nuclei
 dikaryotic cells with diploid nuclei
 more than one of these cell types
21 .       Where and when does fertilization occur in the mushroom life cycle? (Concept 31.4E-Book) [Hint]

 underground, as a mycelium begins to spread
 on the surface of the ground, when a basidiospore germinates
 in a mushroom, when the nuclei of a dikaryotic cell fuse
 underground, when the hyphae of different mating types fuse
 in a mushroom, when eggs and sperm meet
22 .       Lichens are _____. (Concept 31.5E-Book) [Hint]

 mutualistic associations of fungi and plant roots
 predatory fungi
 the sexual stage of deuteromycetes
 symbiotic associations of photosynthesizers and fungi
 used to produce blue cheese
23 .       Lichens are important pioneers in areas that have been burned by fires or destroyed by lava flows because _____. (Concept 31.5E-Book) [Hint]

 they are important in the initial stages of soil formation
 they release chemicals that maintain the surfaces of the underlying substratum
 they take up excess nitrogen
 they thrive on acid rain
 all of the above
24 .       A dramatic example of the pathogenicity of certain fungi is the virtual elimination of the American elm by _____. (Concept 31.5E-Book) [Hint]

 ergots
 truffles
 an ascomycete
 a shelf fungus
 a rust





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