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| 1 . |
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Most of an organism's DNA is carried by its _____. (8.1) [Hint]
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| 2 . |
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Who put forth the important biological principle that all cells come from cells? (8.2) [Hint]
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| 3 . |
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The term "binary fission" is best applied to _____. (8.3) [Hint]
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| 4 . |
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Binary fission in bacterial cells involves ____________. (8.3) [Hint]
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| 5 . |
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A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids does it contain altogether? (8.4) [Hint]
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| 6 . |
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It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes with a light microscope during interphase because _____. (8.4) [Hint]
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| 7 . |
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Sister chromatids _____. (8.4) [Hint]
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| 8 . |
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A cell entering the cell cycle with 32 chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each with _____. (8.4) [Hint]
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| 9 . |
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Chromatids are _____. (8.4) [Hint]
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| 10 . |
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A cell biologist carefully measured the quantity of DNA in grasshopper cells growing in cell culture. Cells examined during the G2 phase of the cell cycle contained 200 units of DNA. What would be the amount of DNA in one of the grasshopper daughter cells? (8.5) [Hint]
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| 11 . |
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DNA replication occurs _____. (8.5) [Hint]
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| 12 . |
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Chromatids form _____. (8.5) [Hint]
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| 13 . |
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In some organisms such as certain fungi and algae, cells undergo mitosis repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis. What would result from this? (8.5) [Hint]
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| 14 . |
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The function of the cell cycle is to produce daughter cells that _____. (8.5) [Hint]
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| 15 . |
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Cytokinesis refers to _____. (8.5) [Hint]
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| 16 . |
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In the telophase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle breaks down and the chromatin uncoils. This is essentially the opposite of what happens in _____. (8.6) [Hint]
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| 17 . |
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At which point in the cell cycle do centrosomes begin to move apart to two poles of the cell in a dividing human liver cell? (8.6) [Hint]
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| 18 . |
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The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes move toward separate poles of the cell is _____. (8.6) [Hint]
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| 19 . |
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One event occurring during prophase is _____. (8.6) [Hint]
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| 20 . |
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Single sister chromatids are found in cells at mitotic _____. (8.6) [Hint]
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| 21 . |
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Which one of the following represents a mismatch or incorrect description? (8.6) [Hint]
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| 22 . |
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Which one of the following does NOT occur during mitosis? (8.6) [Hint]
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| 23 . |
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At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes lined up in one plane in preparation for their separation to opposite poles of the cell? (8.6) [Hint]
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| 24 . |
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The kinetochores _____. (8.6) [Hint]
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| 25 . |
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You would know a dividing cell was a plant cell rather than an animal cell if you saw that it had ___________. (8.7) [Hint]
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| 26 . |
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Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts microfilament formation. This chemical would interfere with _____. (8.7) [Hint]
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| 27 . |
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In animal cell mitosis, the cleavage furrow forms during ___________. (8.7) [Hint]
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| 28 . |
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Which of these factors inhibits cell division? (8.8) [Hint]
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| 29 . |
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Cells will usually divide if they receive the proper signal at a checkpoint in the ____ phase of the cell cycle. (8.9) [Hint]
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| 30 . |
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What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor? (8.10) [Hint]
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| 31 . |
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Observations of cancer cells in culture support the hypothesis that cancer cells _____. (8.10) [Hint]
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| 32 . |
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Chromosomes of diploid organisms that are NOT involved in sex determination are called _____. (8.12) [Hint]
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| 33 . |
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How many pairs of autosomes do humans have? (8.12) [Hint]
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| 34 . |
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Which of the following is a normal human female? (8.12) [Hint]
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| 35 . |
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In humans, the __________ determines the sex of the offspring because __________. (8.12) [Hint]
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| 36 . |
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When we say that an organism is haploid, we mean that _____. (8.13) [Hint]
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| 37 . |
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The diploid phase of the human life cycle begins with _____. (8.13) [Hint]
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| 38 . |
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Which one of the following is NOT a function of meiosis in humans? (8.13) [Hint]
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| 39 . |
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What is the typical result when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis? (8.14) [Hint]
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| 40 . |
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In a cell containing 10 chromosomes, meiosis results in the formation of daughter cells containing __________ chromosomes. (8.14) [Hint]
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| 41 . |
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At the end of telophase I of meiosis and cytokinesis, there are _____. (8.14) [Hint]
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| 42 . |
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Synapsis occurs during _____. (8.14) [Hint]
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| 43 . |
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During anaphase II _____. (8.14) [Hint]
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| 44 . |
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During anaphase I _____. (8.14) [Hint]
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| 45 . |
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Crossing over occurs during _____. (8.14) [Hint]
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| 46 . |
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An organism has a haploid chromosome number n = 4. How many tetrads will form during meiosis? (8.14) [Hint]
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| 47 . |
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Which event occurs only during prophase I of the first meiotic division? (8.14) [Hint]
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| 48 . |
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What is the function of meiosis? (8.14) [Hint]
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| 49 . |
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Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis? (8.15) [Hint]
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| 50 . |
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Mitosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of ______; meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of ________. (8.15) [Hint]
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| 51 . |
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Mitosis and meiosis differ in several ways. Meiosis, but not mitosis, _____. (8.15) [Hint]
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| 52 . |
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Meiosis is more complicated than mitosis because it carries out more complicated functions. Meiosis must _____. (8.15) [Hint]
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| 53 . |
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Which one of the following occurs in meiosis, but not in mitosis? (8.15) [Hint]
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| 54 . |
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Variation occurs when chromosomes are shuffled in _____. (8.16) [Hint]
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| 55 . |
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In humans, the haploid number of chromosomes is 23. Independent assortment has the possibility of producing _____ different gametes. (8.16) [Hint]
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| 56 . |
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If the diploid number of chromosomes in a certain animal is 6 (2n = 6), there are three sets of 2 homologous chromosomes each, or three pairs. How do these three pairs align and separate in meiosis? (8.16) [Hint]
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| 57 . |
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The major contribution of sex to evolution has been _____. (8.16) [Hint]
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| 58 . |
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Two chromosomes in a nucleus that carry genes for the same traits in the same loci, but specify different versions of the same traits, are called _____. (8.17) [Hint]
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| 59 . |
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Regions of chromosomes where nonsister chromatids cross over are called _____. (8.18) [Hint]
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| 60 . |
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Why is crossing over important? (8.18) [Hint]
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| 61 . |
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Unless the chromosomes were stained to show band patterns, a karyotype would be least likely to show which of the following? (8.19) [Hint]
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| 62 . |
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A karyotype is _____. (8.19) [Hint]
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| 63 . |
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Why are individuals with an extra chromosome 21, which causes Down syndrome, more numerous than individuals with an extra chromosome 3 or chromosome 16? (8.20) [Hint]
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| 64 . |
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Each cell in an individual with Down syndrome contains ____ chromosomes. (8.20) [Hint]
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| 65 . |
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During meiosis, homologous chromosomes sometimes "stick together" and do not separate properly. This phenomenon is known as _____. (8.21) [Hint]
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| 66 . |
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Down syndrome can be the result of __________. (8.21) [Hint]
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| 67 . |
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A person with two X and one Y chromosome would appear to be _____. (8.22) [Hint]
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| 68 . |
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Which one of the following is Turner syndrome? (8.22) [Hint]
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| 69 . |
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If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome at the same place but in the reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnormality is called _____. (8.23) [Hint]
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| 70 . |
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The exchange of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes is called _____. (8.23) [Hint]
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