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| 1 . |
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Bird guides once listed the myrtle warbler and Audubon's warbler as distinct species that lived side by side in parts of their ranges. However, recent books show them as eastern and western forms of a single species, the yellow-rumped warbler. Apparently, the myrtle warbler and Audubon's warbler _____. (14.2) [Hint]
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| 2 . |
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According to the "biological species" concept, what is a species? (14.2) [Hint]
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| 3 . |
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Imagine a scenario in which part of a population of South American finches is blown by a storm onto an island far offshore and manages to survive and reproduce there for a period of 10,000 years. After that period, a climate change results in lower sea levels and the reconnection of the island with the mainland. Members of the formerly isolated island finch population can now interact freely with members of the original mainland population. Which of the following observations would, by itself, lead you to conclude unequivocally that the island finch population had evolved into a distinct species? (14.2) [Hint]
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| 4 . |
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For which one of the following groups would the biological definition of species be LEAST useful? (14.2) [Hint]
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| 5 . |
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According to the "biological species" concept (that is, our definition of "species"), members of different species _____. (14.2) [Hint]
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| 6 . |
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Each species is genetically isolated from other species because _____. (14.2) [Hint]
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| 7 . |
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The biological species concept CANNOT be applied to organisms that _____. (14.2) [Hint]
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| 8 . |
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Imagine that part of a population of flies is blown from the California coast to an offshore island. The island flies have no contact with the mainland flies for 10,000 years. Then an earthquake rearranges the landscape and the island is rejoined to the mainland. The former island flies can now mingle freely with the mainland flies. If attempts at mating between flies from the two groups are successful and the resulting baby flies grow up strong and healthy and have offspring of their own, you could conclude that _________. (14.2) [Hint]
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| 9 . |
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Lake Victoria, in Africa, is home to a group of related fishes known as cichlids. Many of these fishes are similar in appearance but have different feeding habits. What is the best method for scientists to determine conclusively whether the fish are members of a population that has a lot of variation or members of entirely different species? (14.2) [Hint]
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| 10 . |
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Bullock's oriole and the Baltimore oriole are closely related, but are they of the same species? To find out, you could see whether they _____. (14.2) [Hint]
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| 11 . |
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Three species of frogs—Rana pipiens, Rana clamitans, and Rana sylvatica—all mate in the same ponds, but they pair off correctly because they have different calls. This is a specific example of a _____ barrier, called _______ . (14.3) [Hint]
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| 12 . |
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Which of the following reproductive barriers actually prevents individuals of different species from mating with each other? (14.3) [Hint]
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| 13 . |
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Two species of water lilies in the same pond do not interbreed because one blooms at night and the other during the day. The reproductive barrier between them is an example of _____. (14.3) [Hint]
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| 14 . |
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Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic reproductive barrier? (14.3) [Hint]
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| 15 . |
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Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic reproductive barrier? (14.3) [Hint]
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| 16 . |
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Individuals of different species living in the same area may be prevented from interbreeding by responding to different mating dances. This is called _____. (14.3) [Hint]
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| 17 . |
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There are two groups of pine trees that appear to be very similar phenotypically and genotypically. However, one releases pollen in January, when the female structures of that group are receptive, and one in March. What kind of reproductive barrier is this? (14.3) [Hint]
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| 18 . |
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Which of the following is an example of mechanical isolation? (14.3) [Hint]
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| 19 . |
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a postzygotic barrier? (14.3) [Hint]
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| 20 . |
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At which point in the adaptation of a population is it clear that speciation has occurred? (14.3) [Hint]
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| 21 . |
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Three or four of the following conditions may lead to reproductive isolation between two species of similar physical appearance. Which one, if any, will NOT lead to reproductive isolation? If all the conditions will lead to reproductive isolation, choose answer (5). (14.3) [Hint]
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| 22 . |
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Which one of the following is NOT an example of a prezygotic isolating mechanism? (14.3) [Hint]
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| 23 . |
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Speciation is likely to occur in a population that has become allopatric if _____. (14.5) [Hint]
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| 24 . |
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Which of the following organisms is most likely to be subject to allopatric speciation? (14.5) [Hint]
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| 25 . |
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The existence in North America of numerous "species pairs" of similar but distinct species with distinct geographic ranges is taken to be indirect evidence of _____. (14.5) [Hint]
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| 26 . |
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In which of the following groups has sympatric speciation been most important? (14.6) [Hint]
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| 27 . |
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Sympatric speciation by polyploidy was first discovered in the early 1900s by which of the following? (14.6) [Hint]
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| 28 . |
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A new species can arise in a single generation _____. (14.6) [Hint]
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| 29 . |
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Which of the following is NOT a probable event in the evolution of a polyploid species? (14.7) [Hint]
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| 30 . |
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Which of the following crops is NOT polyploid? (14.7) [Hint]
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| 31 . |
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Which one of the following conditions could, by itself, allow a polyploid mutant plant to give rise to new species? (14.7) [Hint]
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| 32 . |
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Biologists have found more than 500 species of fruit flies on the various Hawaiian Islands, all apparently descended from a single ancestor species. This example illustrates _____. (14.8) [Hint]
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| 33 . |
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Lake Malawi, in the African Rift Valley, is home to more than a hundred species of cichlid fishes, each with slightly different diets and habits. All these fishes probably evolved from one ancestor, making them an example of _____. (14.8) [Hint]
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| 34 . |
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Which of the following is NOT an example of adaptive radiation? (14.8) [Hint]
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| 35 . |
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Sometimes two quite different populations interbreed to a limited extent, so that it is difficult to say whether they are clearly separate species. This does not worry biologists much because it _____. (14.9) [Hint]
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| 36 . |
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In contrast to what was previously thought, the work of the Grants on populations of Galápagos finches has shown _____ to be a source of genetic variation. (14.9) [Hint]
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| 37 . |
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Comparison of fossils with living humans seems to show that there have been no significant physical changes in Homo sapiens in 30,000 to 50,000 years. What might an advocate of punctuated equilibrium say about this? (14.10) [Hint]
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| 38 . |
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What is the major problem that biologists see in the gradualist model of evolution? (14.10) [Hint]
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| 39 . |
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According to the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution _____. (14.10) [Hint]
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