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Chapter Chapter 32: Plant Nutrition & Transport
 
Chapter Quiz
 

1 .       Mineral nutrients _____. (32.1) [Hint]

 are not essential to plant growth, since all a plant needs is water and CO2
 contribute little to the weight of a plant
 enter plants via the stomata
 are organic nutrients
 include sugars
2 .       A root hair is _____. (32.2) [Hint]

 a multicellular extension of the root epidermis
 an extension of the endodermis of roots
 a specialized root epidermal cell
 a structure that absorbs water from soil
 an extension of an individual cell and a structure that absorbs water from soil
3 .       The cytoplasmic continuum connecting neighboring cells is the _____ route of water and solute transport from root hairs to xylem. (32.2) [Hint]

 intracellular
 extracellular
 aquaporin
 intracellular
 plasmodesmata
4 .       The continuum of cell walls connecting neighboring cells is the _____ route of water and solute transport from root hairs to xylem. (32.2) [Hint]

 intracellular
 extracellular
 aquaporin
 intracellular
 plasmodesmata
5 .       A botanist discovered a mutant plant that is unable to produce the material that forms the Casparian strip. This plant is _____. (32.2) [Hint]

 unable to fix nitrogen
 unable to transport water or solutes to the leaves
 able to exert greater root pressure than normal plants
 unable to control the amounts of water and solutes it absorbs
 unable to lose water by transpiration
6 .       In a plant root, the one cell type in which water CANNOT move via the extracellular route is the _____. (32.2) [Hint]

 epidermis
 endodermis
 cortex
 vascular tissues
 root hair
7 .       Cells whose function it is to regulate the flow of water into the vascular tissue of a plant are _____. (32.2) [Hint]

 guard cells
 root hairs
 endodermal cells
 xylem
 none of these
8 .       The Casparian strip is _____. (32.2) [Hint]

 a waterproof "gasket" around the cells of the root's endodermis
 a band of bark and phloem removed around the trunk of a tree, resulting in the tree's death
 a region across central Canada marking the northernmost presence of deciduous trees
 a vertical band of xylem cells in a woody stem
 none of the above
9 .       An undergraduate student had a terrarium on her windowsill containing various houseplants. She wondered why the glass was often fogged with water droplets. The undergraduate's friend, a graduate student who had taken a biology class, tried to explain that it was because of _____. (32.3) [Hint]

 root pressure
 adhesion
 photosynthesis
 pressure flow
 transpiration
10 .       The rate of transpiration is expected to be greatest on a ____________ day. (32.3) [Hint]

 cool and moist
 warm and moist
 cool and dry
 warm and dry
 windy and cool
11 .       What is the main source of energy that moves water upward in the trunk of a tree? (32.3) [Hint]

 musclelike contraction of xylem cells
 evaporation of water by the sun
 pressure exerted by root cells
 breakdown and release of energy of sugar molecules
 osmotic changes caused by alterations in salt content
12 .       Root pressure is attributable to _____. (32.3) [Hint]

 transpiration
 the accumulation of ions in the xylem
 the accumulation of water and potassium ions in guard cells
 the active transport of water into the xylem
 the pumping of minerals out of the xylem
13 .       What keeps the force of gravity from overcoming transpirational pull? (32.3) [Hint]

 upward pressure from the roots
 high water pressure in the leaves
 the Casparian strip blocks them from moving out
 movement of water toward a sugar sink
 cohesion and adhesion of water molecules
14 .       Normally when an aphid feeds by puncturing plant tissues, it does not have to suck the sap out. An inexperienced aphid, however, accidentally inserted its feeding tube in the wrong place and found the fluid in its gut being sucked out through the feeding tube. This aphid must have punctured _____. (32.3) [Hint]

 the Casparian strip
 a root nodule
 a xylem cell
 a phloem tube
 a stoma
15 .       During winter, tree sap can sometimes freeze and "cavitation" (the formation of an air pocket) may occur. Which one of the following mechanisms of sap transport would you expect to be most immediately affected by cavitation? (32.3) [Hint]

 the movement of water between intracellular compartments
 pressure flow (mass flow)
 cohesion transpiration
 root pressure
 cyclosis
16 .       Which one of the following describes the loss of water through the stomata in a plant's leaves? (32.3) [Hint]

 respiration
 adhesion
 transpiration
 osmosis
 cohesion
17 .       A student is performing a chemical analysis of xylem sap. This student should not expect to find much _____. (32.3) [Hint]

 nitrogen
 sugar
 phosphorus
 water
 potassium
18 .       Guard cells ____________. (32.4) [Hint]

 control the rate of transpiration
 push water upward in a plant stem
 protect the plant's roots from infection
 control water and solute intake by roots
 protect nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules
19 .       Which of the following would trigger the opening of stomata in plants living in temperate climates? (32.4) [Hint]

 extreme heat
 loss of potassium by guard cells
 nightfall
 swelling of guard cells due to osmosis
 all of the above
20 .       Stomata open during the day in response to _____. (32.4) [Hint]

 guard cells losing K+
 increased temperatures
 increased CO2 levels
 the uptake of K+ by guard cells
 the production of abscisic acid
21 .       As turgor pressure increases in guard cells, the transpiration rate would be expected to __________. (32.4) [Hint]

 increase
 decrease
 remain the same
 perhaps decrease, or perhaps remain the same, but never increase
 none of the above
22 .       Stomata open when the guard cells ____________. (32.4) [Hint]

 take up potassium and water follows
 lose potassium and water follows
 convert sugar to starch
 mobilize nutrients to vascular tissues
 stop photosynthesis
23 .       Stomata close when the guard cells ____________. (32.4) [Hint]

 take up potassium and water follows
 lose potassium and water follows
 convert sugar to starch
 mobilize nutrients to vascular tissues
 buckle outward
24 .       What contributes directly to the turgor of guard cells? (32.4) [Hint]

 respiration
 transpiration
 guttation
 potassium accumulation
 plasmolysis
25 .       In general, stomata are ____________ during the day and ____________ at night. (32.4) [Hint]

 open ... closed
 closed ... open
 open ... open
 closed ... closed
 There is no diurnal pattern.
26 .       Stomata can be opened or closed by guard cells. Closing the stomata at night __________. (32.4) [Hint]

 prevents water loss at a time when photosynthesis is not occurring
 prevents water loss but prevents photosynthesis as well
 increases carbon dioxide uptake by the leaf
 harms the plant because carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis
 prevents water loss by preventing photosynthesis
27 .       In an apple tree that is producing sugars, sugar might flow from _____ to _____. (32.5) [Hint]

 a developing apple ... a leaf
 the trunk ... a leaf
 a growing root ... a growing shoot tip
 a leaf ... a developing apple
 a growing shoot tip ... the trunk
28 .       Which aspect of solute transport in the xylem of a plant is most like that of solute transport in the phloem? (32.5) [Hint]

 the upward movement from roots to leaves
 the development of root pressure
 movement in conduits composed of nonliving cell walls
 the development of tension on water to pull it and dissolved solutes through the conduits
 the dependence of the process on transpiration from the leaves
29 .       When referring to phloem transport, the "sink" in roots is created by _____. (32.5) [Hint]

 the active transport of mineral ions into xylem cells
 the osmosis of water into xylem cells
 the absorption of water from the soil through epidermal cells
 active transport of sugars from phloem to root cells
 all of these
30 .       Which of the following is a sugar source? (32.5) [Hint]

 a green leaf
 a developing fruit
 a growing root
 a growing shoot
 a tree trunk
31 .       A plant does NOT obtain which of the following substances from soil? (32.6) [Hint]

 magnesium
 nitrogen
 carbon
 potassium
 phosphorus
32 .       Three or four of the following elements are absorbed by terrestrial plants as ions or components of ions. Which, if any, of the following is NOT absorbed by plants as an ion? (32.6) [Hint]

 carbon
 nitrogen
 phosphorus
 magnesium
 They are all absorbed from the soil as ions.
33 .       When you add "plant food" to your potted geraniums, you are actually providing the plant with _____. (32.6) [Hint]

 sugars
 complex carbohydrates
 vitamins and amino acids
 minerals
 all of the above
34 .       Terrestrial plants obtain __________ from the atmosphere. (32.6) [Hint]

 carbon
 oxygen
 potassium
 magnesium
 both carbon and oxygen
35 .       Professor Scheinman claims to have discovered a new macronutrient required for plant growth. Most of the professor's colleagues are skeptical of this claim. Why might they consider it unlikely? (32.6) [Hint]

 All the nutrients required for plant growth have already been found.
 It is very difficult to prove that a plant needs a certain nutrient.
 Plants need thousands of nutrients; a new one is not significant.
 Any nutrient needed in large amounts has probably been found already.
 Professor Scheinman's colleagues are jealous and want to claim credit for the discovery.
36 .       Soil could be deficient in any of the following nutrients. If you had to supply one of them, which would be needed in the smallest amount? (32.6) [Hint]

 sulfur
 phosphorus
 nitrogen
 potassium
 iron
37 .       Houseplants require the smallest amount of which of the following nutrients? (32.6) [Hint]

 oxygen
 phosphorus
 carbon
 iron
 hydrogen
38 .       If a plant's leaves are yellowing, it may be that the plant is deficient in the elements needed to make chlorophyll, which include _____. (32.6) [Hint]

 copper
 molybdenum
 sulfur
 magnesium
 phosphorus
39 .       Fertilizers are usually enriched in _____. (32.7) [Hint]

 iron, manganese, and zinc
 calcium and boron
 nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
 molybdenum, copper, and magnesium
 all essential nutrients
40 .       The clay particles in soil are important because they _____. (32.8) [Hint]

 are composed of nitrogen needed by plants
 eliminate spaces for air and facilitate drainage
 fill spaces and keep oxygen out of the soil
 are charged and hold ions needed by plants
 supply humus needed by plants
41 .       Soil can easily become deficient in _____, because these ions are negatively charged and do not stick to negatively charged clay particles. (32.8) [Hint]

 potassium
 calcium
 magnesium
 nitrate
 ammonium
42 .       A major long-term problem that occurs when irrigation water is flooded onto a field is the _____. (32.9) [Hint]

 drowning of crop plants
 accumulation of salts in the soil
 erosion of fine soil particles
 encroachment of water-consuming weeds
 excessive cooling of the soil
43 .       Organic farming means that _____. (32.10) [Hint]

 no chemicals are used
 crop yields are usually lower than on conventional farms
 pesticides are sprayed on crops
 the produce is better for you than produce grown by traditional commercial methods
 foods are irradiated to kill bacteria
44 .       Mycorrhizae are _____. (32.11) [Hint]

 nutrients required by plants in relatively small amounts
 plants such as mistletoe that parasitize other plants
 medium-size soil particles
 cells that control the evaporation of water from leaves
 associations of roots with beneficial fungi
45 .       A problem with varieties of corn, wheat, and rice that have improved protein content is that _____. (32.11) [Hint]

 they cannot utilize atmospheric carbon dioxide
 most people who live in developing countries have a primarily animal-protein-based diet, and it will be difficult to convince them to switch to a plant-protein-based diet
 they contain animal genes and thus are not suitable food for vegetarians
 they produce more protein than is conducive to good health
 they have a high demand for nitrogen
46 .       A potential problem with using genetic engineering to increase crop yields is that _____. (32.11) [Hint]

 these plants will be resistant to pest species
 these plants would have a longer shelf life
 these plants might interbreed with their wild relatives, creating weeds that grow out of control.
 these plants would be able to fix nitrogen without needing bacteria
 they require more land to produce the some amount of food as "normal" plants
47 .       The most abundant gas in our atmosphere cannot be used by plants directly in its atmospheric form and is, therefore, captured by certain bacteria that live symbiotically in their roots. What is this gas? (32.13) [Hint]

 hydrogen
 carbon dioxide
 nitrogen
 oxygen
 neon
48 .       Nitrogen fixation is _____. (32.13) [Hint]

 using nitrogen to build molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids
 converting nitrogen from the air to a form usable by plants
 recycling nitrogen from organic matter in the soil
 absorbing N2 from the soil
 an unhealthy interest in nitrogen
49 .       Legumes (members of the pea family) have roots with swellings called nodules that _____. (32.14) [Hint]

 contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria
 form fungal hyphae
 provide a steady supply of sugar to the host plant
 produce antibiotics that protect the plant from soil bacteria
 increase the surface area for water uptake
50 .       The location on a root that houses nitrogen-fixing bacteria is called __________. (32.14) [Hint]

 a root nodule
 a root graft
 mycorrhizae
 a pneumatophore
 a prop root
51 .       By trapping insects, carnivorous plants obtain ____, which they need ____. (32.15) [Hint]

 water ... because they live in dry soil
 nitrogen ... to make sugar
 phosphorus ... to make protein
 sugars ... because they can't make enough in photosynthesis
 nitrogen ... to make protein
52 .       The sundew plant has to digest insects because _____. (32.15) [Hint]

 it obtains nitrogen from their bodies that it cannot get from the soil
 it has lost the ability to perform photosynthesis
 it lives in a dry environment and needs the moisture in its body
 it needs to get rid of insects that accidentally get stuck in its hairs
 its flowers are fertilized by pollen in its digestive tract