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Chapter Chapter 36: Population Dynamics
 
Chapter Quiz
 

1 .       Organisms that are members of the same species are NOT necessarily members of the same _____. (36.1) [Hint]

 family
 order
 class
 population
 kingdom
2 .       To figure out the human population density of your community, you would need to know the number of people living there and _____. (36.2) [Hint]

 the size of the area in which they live
 the birth rate of the population
 whether population growth is logistic or exponential
 the dispersion pattern of the population
 the carrying capacity
3 .       A biologist wants to use the mark-recapture method for a population census of desert mice. This will work if _____. (36.2) [Hint]

 the mice are territorial
 the mice become wary of traps
 the biologist waits a long time before resampling the population
 the mice deliberately return because the traps contain food
 none of the above
4 .       When needed resources are unevenly distributed, organisms often show a _______ dispersion pattern. (36.2) [Hint]

 density-dependent
 clumped
 exponential
 random
 uniform
5 .       Herring gulls fiercely defend the areas around their nests in cliff-top breeding colonies. Within the colony they would show a _______ dispersion pattern. (36.2) [Hint]

 uniform
 random
 dense
 abiotic
 clumped
6 .       Pine trees in a forest tend to shade and kill pine seedlings that sprout nearby. This causes the pine trees to _____. (36.2) [Hint]

 increase exponentially
 grow in a clumped pattern
 grow in a uniform pattern
 exceed their carrying capacity
 grow in a random pattern
7 .       The dispersion pattern of a population is _____. (36.2) [Hint]

 the spatial distribution of individuals
 the spatial distribution of populations
 the distribution of resources within the environment
 the result of the social interactions among population members
 the result of the distribution of individuals of other species
8 .       An example of population density is _____. (36.2) [Hint]

 255 dogfish sharks
 100 organisms (barnacles, mussels, and sea stars) in a 25-square-meter tide pool
 the number of Paramecium caudatum in a 250-milliliter solution within a glass flask
 the total number of sturgeon per cubic meter in San Francisco Bay and in Tomales Bay
 the total dry weight of trout in a lake
9 .       An ecologist used the mark-recapture method to estimate the size of a coyote population in eastern Oregon. He trapped and marked 20 coyotes. One month later, 50 coyotes were trapped, and 5 of these animals had marks. The population size was estimated at _____. (36.2) [Hint]

 1,000 coyotes
 50 coyotes
 100 coyotes
 200 coyotes
 250 coyotes
10 .       Organisms that live in a homogenous abiotic environment but that cooperate to avoid being eaten by predators would likely show a(n) _____ pattern of dispersion. (36.2) [Hint]

 continuous
 uniform
 even
 random
 clumped
11 .       Chimpanzees have a relatively low birth rate. They take good care of their young, and most chimps live a long life. The chimp survivorship curve would look like _____. (36.3) [Hint]

 a line that slopes gradually upward
 a relatively flat line that drops steeply at the end
 a line that drops steeply at first, then flattens out
 a line that slopes gradually downward
 a horizontal line
12 .       Which of the following describes the distribution of survivorship or mortality for a population that has a Type II survivorship curve? (36.3) [Hint]

 Little death occurs until late in life.
 Most of the mortality occurs among younger individuals.
 Survivorship is greatest in younger individuals.
 Survivorship is greatest in individuals that are intermediate in age.
 The chance of death is roughly constant over all ages.
13 .       Organisms such as oysters, which produce many young, each with a low probability of surviving to maturity, typically exhibit a Type _____ survivorship curve. (36.3) [Hint]

 I
 II
 III
 I or II
 I or III
14 .       Elephants tend to have few offspring and will tend their young very carefully for an extended period of time before having additional young. Elephants display characteristics suggesting that they __________. (36.3) [Hint]

 are r-selected
 display a Type II survivorship curve
 are K-selected
 display a Type III survivorship curve
 are correctly described by two of the above statements
15 .       Kingfish, Louisiana, had a population of 1,100 individuals. They had a birth rate of 12/100, a death rate of 8/100, and an emigration (individuals leaving the population) rate of 2/100. How many people were added to Kingfish's population in one year? (36.3) [Hint]

 2
 6
 20
 22
 1,122
16 .       A wildlife biologist is trying to predict what will happen to a bear population if bear hunting is banned. He had the equations all worked out but then realized that he had grossly underestimated the amount of food available to the bears. To make his prediction more accurate he should _____ the value of _____ in his equation. (In this example, you should consider food to be a factor that limits the size of the bear population.) (36.4) [Hint]

 decrease ... N
 increase ... N
 decrease ... K
 increase ... K
 decrease ... r
17 .       When birth rate equals death rate, _____. (36.4) [Hint]

 a population grows rapidly
 the size of a population remains constant
 density-dependent limiting factors do not affect the population
 a population is in danger of extinction
 a population goes through up and down cycles
18 .       A population will always grow exponentially _____. (36.4) [Hint]

 if it is limited only by density-dependent factors
 until it reaches carrying capacity
 if there are no limiting factors
 if it is a population with an equilibrial life history
 if it shows logistic growth
19 .       r _____. (36.4) [Hint]

 is the population growth rate
 is the same for all species
 varies during the exponential growth of a population
 is an organism's inherent capacity to leave offspring
 is the maximum number of individuals of a population that a particular habitat can support
20 .       A population of mice has grown so rapidly that there are 2,400 individuals in an ecosystem that will support about 1,800 mice. The mouse population is most likely to __________. (36.4) [Hint]

 undergo niche separation to accommodate the extra mice
 undergo a dramatic decline in size, possibly to a stable level at or below 1,800 individuals
 have no effect on the population size of predators that feed on mice
 continue to have a birth rate that equals the death rate
 continue to increase
21 .       The logistic growth model differs from the exponential growth model in that it _____. (36.4) [Hint]

 expresses the effects of population-limiting factors on exponential growth
 is J-shaped and the exponential growth model is S-shaped
 never shows the effects of population-limiting factors
 implies that population size stabilizes at K when the birth rate is zero
 implies that a population's growth rate will be highest when the population is small
22 .       A newly mated queen ant establishes a nest in an unoccupied patch of suitable habitat. Assuming that no disasters strike the nest, which type of equation is likely to best describe its population growth? (36.4) [Hint]

 linear
 circular
 logistic
 quadratic
 none of these
23 .       A population that grows rapidly at first and then levels off at carrying capacity can be modeled _____. (36.4) [Hint]

 by a logistic equation
 as G = b – d
 as an opportunistic species
 as G = rN
 as being relatively unaffected by limiting factors
24 .       A population that is growing logistically _____. (36.4) [Hint]

 grows fastest when density is lowest
 has a high r
 grows fastest at an intermediate population density
 grows fastest as it approaches carrying capacity
 is always slowed by abiotic factors
25 .       In the logistic model, a smaller r will cause _____. (36.4) [Hint]

 a population to grow beyond its carrying capacity (K).
 a faster increase in the size of a population to the same carrying capacity (K).
 a faster increase in the size of a population to a lower carrying capacity (K).
 a slower increase in the size of a population to the same carrying capacity (K).
 a slower increase in the size of a population to a lower carrying capacity (K).
26 .       No population can grow indefinitely. The ultimate size of any population is limited by _____. (36.4) [Hint]

 its r
 its birth rate
 its death rate
 the carrying capacity of its environment
 reproductive isolation
27 .       In an equilibrium population (at its carrying capacity), thousands of eggs and hundreds of tadpoles are produced by a single pair of frogs. On average, about how many offspring per pair will live to reproduce the next year? (36.4) [Hint]

 0
 2
 10 to 20
 100
 more than 100
28 .       At carrying capacity, a population __________. (36.4) [Hint]

 increases rapidly
 increases slowly
 decreases slowly
 decreases rapidly
 fluctuates around a median number
29 .       Assuming that r has a positive value, in the formula G = rN(K – N)/K, the factor rN tends to cause the population to __________. (36.4) [Hint]

 grow increasingly rapidly
 remain stable at the carrying capacity
 decrease in size
 grow at a slower rate than the (K – N/K) factor
 do none of these
30 .       Which one of the following would most likely be an example of an abiotic factor that limits population growth? (36.5) [Hint]

 food availability
 diseases
 accumulation of toxic wastes
 parasites
 daily temperature extremes
31 .       Which one of the following is most likely a density-dependent growth regulator of animal populations? (36.5) [Hint]

 a decrease in clutch size
 hurricanes
 fires
 droughts
 all of the above
32 .       Which one of the following is most clearly a case of density-dependent population regulation? (36.5) [Hint]

 the drought-induced drying of savanna grass for an insect that feeds on grass sap
 a dangerous new flu strain transmitted among humans by sneezing
 the first hard frost of fall for a population of annual morning glory vines
 the occurrence of rainstorms for an opportunistic desert annual
 all of these are examples of density-dependent population regulation
33 .       A particular environmental change causes the deaths of 25 individuals in a herd of 100 wild horses, and it kills 50 individuals in a herd of 200 horses. Both herds live in areas of equal size. In this case, the growth of a wild horse population is most likely limited by _____. (36.5) [Hint]

 a density-dependent factor
 food supply
 a predator
 an abiotic factor
 the presence of individuals of another species that uses the same food resource
34 .       Which of the following populations probably exhibits exponential growth? (36.5) [Hint]

 a protozoa population grown in a sealed glass culture flask
 a fruit fly population that recently arrived on a lush mid-oceanic island previously inhabited only by plants
 a redwood tree population in a forest
 a population of deer in an area with few palatable food plants
 a population of deer in an area with many hungry wolves
35 .       The cyclic growth exhibited by populations of snowshoe hares in the North American taiga most likely results from _____. (36.6) [Hint]

 predation by lynx
 fluctuations in the hare's food resources
 predation by lynx and fluctuations in the hare's food resources
 hunting by humans
 weather changes
36 .       What is meant be the term "ecological footprint"? (36.9) [Hint]

 It is the population density of humans as calculated on a per country basis.
 It is a measure of habitat destruction.
 It is Earth's carrying capacity for humans.
 It is the amount of land required to support a single individual.
 It is the average shoe size of the individuals in a population.
37 .       If you wanted to see what percentage of the population of Thailand is under 10 years old, you could look at _____. (36.10) [Hint]

 a logistic curve for the population
 the population's age structure
 a life table for the population
 a plot of population density
 the population's survivorship curve
38 .       An ecologist would suspect a population to be growing rapidly if it _____. (36.10) [Hint]

 contains many more prereproductive than reproductive individuals
 is near its carrying capacity
 is limited only by density-dependent factors
 shows a clumped pattern of dispersion
 is far below its carrying capacity
39 .       In developing countries, continued population growth occurs primarily because _____. (36.10) [Hint]

 birth rates and death rates are equal
 the birth rate exceeds the death rate
 the death rate exceeds the birth rate
 the birth rate equals zero
 the death rate equals zero
40 .       What type of population will most readily recover from efforts to eradicate it? (36.10) [Hint]

 r-selected
 K-selected
 Type I
 Type II
 One controlled by integrated pest management.