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Chapter Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance
 
Chapter Quiz
 

1 .       The basic difference between Mendel's particulate theory of inheritance and the previous blending theory was that the blending theory, but not the particulate theory, maintained that _____. (9.1) [Hint]

 mutation is the major source of new gene combinations
 many genes are lost in their transmission to offspring, but the remaining genes gradually reproduce the lost genes
 the traits governed by genes in the egg are different from the traits governed by genes in the sperm
 after a mating, genes of the two parents are mixed in the offspring and lose their individual identities
 genes combine with each other to produce new genes
2 .       The cross-fertilization of two different varieties of pea plants will produce a(n) _____. (9.2) [Hint]

 F2 generation
 lethal
 hybrid
 P generation
 individual homozygous for many different genes
3 .       In a certain plant, the alleles A, B, and C are dominant to the alleles a, b, and c. A plant with the genotype AABbcc will have the same phenotype as the plant with the genotype _____. (9.3) [Hint]

 AAbbcc
 aabbcc
 AaBBcc
 AABBCc
 none of the above
4 .       Cystic fibrosis can be inherited even if neither parent has the disease. This is because the disease _____. (9.3) [Hint]

 requires certain environmental conditions to be expressed
 occurs only in polyploid individuals
 is caused by a recessive allele
 is caused by a dominant allele
 occurs only in individuals who are already weak from other causes
5 .       Assume tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t). If a homozygous dominant individual is crossed with a homozygous dwarf, the offspring will ______. (9.3) [Hint]

 all be intermediate in height
 all be tall
 be 1/2 tall and 1/2 dwarf
 be 3/4 tall and 1/4 dwarf
 all be short
6 .       Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive disorder. Using P and p to represent the alleles, what is the genotype of a phenylketonuric person? (9.3) [Hint]

 PP
 Pp
 pp
 Pp or pp
 all of the above
7 .       If a homozygous dominant is crossed with a homozygous recessive for a given trait, the offspring will be __________. (9.3) [Hint]

 all of the dominant phenotype
 1/4 of the recessive phenotype
 all homozygous dominant
 all homozygous recessive
 present in a 9:3:3:1 ratio
8 .       In a cross between two heterozygotes (Aa), the next generation will be _____. (9.3) [Hint]

 in the ratio 1:3 heterozygotes to homozygotes
 all heterozygotes
 in the ratio 1:1 homozygotes to heterozygotes
 all homozygotes
 in the ratio 1:3 homozygotes to heterozygotes
9 .       In Mendel's monohybrid cross of purple-flowered and white-flowered peas, all members of the F1 generation were of the __________ phenotype because their genotype was __________ for the flower-color gene. (9.3) [Hint]

 white-flowered ... homozygous recessive
 white-flowered ... heterozygous
 purple-flowered ... homozygous recessive
 purple-flowered ... homozygous dominant
 purple-flowered ... heterozygous
10 .       Huntington's disease is due to an autosomal dominant allele. If a heterozygous male marries a normal female, what percentage of the offspring will have Huntington's? (9.3) [Hint]

 0%
 25%
 50%
 75%
 100%
11 .       An allele is _____. (9.3) [Hint]

 a type of chromosome
 the dominant form of a gene
 a variety of pea plant used by Mendel
 an alternative version of a gene
 the recessive form of a gene
12 .       Folk singer Woody Guthrie died of Huntington's disease, an autosomal dominant disease. Which statement below must be true? (9.3) [Hint]

 All of his children will die of Huntington's disease.
 His sons will die of Huntington's disease but not his daughters.
 His daughters will die of Huntington's disease but not his sons.
 At least one of Woody Guthrie's parents must have had Huntington's disease also.
 There is not enough information to answer the question.
13 .       Homologous pairs of chromosomes frequently _____. (9.4) [Hint]

 carry different genes for different traits
 differ in length
 contain different alleles
 are not both present in diploid cells
 are paired up during interphase
14 .       An AABb individual is mated with another AABb individual. The possible number of genetically different kinds of offspring is _____. (9.5) [Hint]

 1
 2
 3
 4
 9
15 .       Pea flowers may be purple (W) or white (w). Pea seeds may be round (R) or wrinkled (r). What proportion of the offspring from the cross WwRr x WwRr will have white flowers and wrinkled seeds? (9.5) [Hint]

 0.0625
 0.1875
 0.5625
 0.75
 all of them
16 .       A = big apples; R = red apples; a = small apples; r = yellow apples. You have one tree that produces big yellow apples and another tree that produces small red apples. When the two are crossed, you find that half the offspring trees produce big red apples and half produce big yellow apples. What are the genotypes of the parents? (9.5) [Hint]

 AArr and aaRr
 Aarr and aaRr
 AARr and AArr
 AaRr and AaRr
 AaRr and aarr
17 .       R = can roll tongue; r = can't roll tongue. A couple who both have the ability to roll their tongues have a son who is also a tongue-roller. The son is curious about whether he is homozygous or heterozygous for the tongue-rolling trait. How could he find out? (9.6) [Hint]

 Have children with a woman who is also a tongue-roller. If their children are tongue-rollers, then he is a homozygous dominant.
 Have children with a woman who is also a tongue-roller. If all their children are non-rollers, then he is a heterozygote.
 Have children with a woman who is a non-roller. If any of their children is a non-roller, then he is a heterozygote.
 Have children with a woman who is a non-roller. If any of their children is a tongue-roller, then he is a homozygous recessive.
 He will have to wait to have grandchildren before the question can be answered.
18 .       Pea plants are tall if they have the genotype TT or Tt, and they are short if they have genotype tt. A tall plant is mated with a short plant. Half the offspring are tall, and half are short. This allows us to conclude that the tall plant _____. (9.6) [Hint]

 was homozygous
 was heterozygous
 had two tall parents
 all of the above
 none of the above
19 .       The results of a testcross (that is, the offspring of this cross) were 50% phenotypically dominant and 50% phenotypically recessive. The genotype of the phenotypically dominant parent in this cross was _____. (9.6) [Hint]

 homozygous dominant
 homozygous recessive
 heterozygous
 homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive
 the answer cannot be determined from the information
20 .       What is indicated when a single-character testcross yields offspring in a 1:1 phenotypic ratio? (9.6) [Hint]

 The parent with the dominant phenotype was homozygous.
 The parent with the dominant phenotype was heterozygous.
 Epistasis has occurred.
 Alleles are codominant.
 Both parents are heterozygous.
21 .       Suppose we have a pea plant with purple flowers, determined by the dominant allele P. How might you determine whether the plant is homozygous (PP) or heterozygous (Pp)? (9.6) [Hint]

 Perform a testcross: Cross the plant with a known heterozygote, Pp.
 Cross the plant with a true-breeding purple plant.
 Examine the plant's chromosomes with a microscope.
 Perform a testcross: Cross the plant with a white one, which must be homozygous recessive, or pp.
 Attempt to cross the plant with a pink-flowered snapdragon.
22 .       If each parent can produce 100 genetically distinct gametes, how many genetically distinct offspring can two parents produce? (9.7) [Hint]

 10,000
 200
 1,000
 100
 1,000,000
23 .       Tay Sachs disease runs in Rebecca's family. On a family pedigree, she saw a shaded circle. This represented _____. (9.8) [Hint]

 a male with Tay Sachs
 a female carrier
 a male carrier
 a female with Tay Sachs
 a male of unknown genotype
24 .       John and Jane are planning a family, but since each has a brother who has sickle-cell disease, they are concerned that their children may develop sickle-cell disease. Neither John, Jane, nor their respective parents have the disease. They consult a genetic counselor who tells them that _____. (9.8) [Hint]

 there is no chance that any of their children will have sickle-cell disease
 all of their children will have sickle-cell disease
 one of four of their children can be expected to have sickle-cell disease
 it's possible that none of their children will have the disease, but blood tests on them both will be required to make sure
 it is impossible to tell whether their children will have the disease
25 .       When two average-height parents give birth to a child exhibiting achondroplastic dwarfism, it is most likely due to a new mutation. This is because _____. (9.9) [Hint]

 the frequency of achondroplasia is unknown
 achondroplasia is a relatively rare disorder
 achondroplasia is caused by an allele that is always expressed, so the parents couldn't have the allele
 such mutations are statistically predictable
 none of the above
26 .       Cystic fibrosis, which is usually lethal before the age of reproduction, is a homozygous recessive trait. Why do cases continue to arise, even though people with the disease rarely reproduce? (9.9) [Hint]

 because new mutations continually introduce this harmful condition into the population
 because the harmful allele "hides" inside heterozygous individuals and 1/4 of the offspring of two heterozygotes should be afflicted
 because mosquitoes can transfer the disease from person to person
 because people continue to make inappropriate lifestyle choices
 none of the above
27 .       It is far more common to find human genetic disease caused by __________ alleles than by __________ alleles because __________. (9.9) [Hint]

 dominant ... recessive ... individuals with dominant alleles have an advantage over individuals with recessive alleles
 dominant ... recessive ... dominant alleles became dominant because they aid the survival of the organism carrying them
 recessive ... dominant ... harmful recessive alleles can survive in the heterozygote without causing any adverse effects on the phenotype
 recessive ... dominant ... even when homozygous, recessive alleles usually do not cause as much damage as dominant alleles
 none of the above
28 .       Michelle and Keith are apparently normal, but their daughter was born with alkaptonuria, an inherited metabolic disorder. If alkaptonuria is like most other human hereditary disorders, the probability of their next child being born with alkaptonuria is _____. (9.9) [Hint]

 0
 0.25
 0.50
 0.75
 1.0
29 .       Huntington's disease is an example of a genetic disorder caused by _____. (9.9) [Hint]

 a late-acting lethal dominant allele
 a nonlethal dominant allele
 a late-acting recessive allele
 homozygous recessive alleles
 multiple alleles
30 .       Several inherited disorders are much more common in close-knit religious communities, such as the Amish, than in the general population. This is at least partly due to the fact that _____. (9.9) [Hint]

 people in such communities are more likely to marry relatives
 shared environmental conditions such as diet can increase mutation rate
 modern medical care is not widely available in such communities
 community members care for each other, and such disorders are contagious
 individuals in such communities are more likely to have large families
31 .       Fetal cells may be removed along with fluid from the womb by a process known as _____. (9.10) [Hint]

 karyotyping
 uterine tapping
 amniocentesis
 ultrasound imaging
 chorionic villus sampling
32 .       A red bull is crossed with a white cow and all of the offspring are roan, a shade between red and white. This is an example of genes that are _____. (9.12) [Hint]

 nonhomologous
 epistatic
 codominant
 incompletely dominant
 completely dominant
33 .       Flower color in snapdragons is an example of incomplete dominance. If a red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, the F1 generation has pink flowers. If a pink-flowered plant is crossed with a pink-flowered plant, the progeny plants will be __________. (9.12) [Hint]

 100% pink
 100% red
 25% red, 50% pink, and 25% white
 50% pink and 50% red
 25% white and 75% red
34 .       A man who has type B blood and a woman who has type A blood could have children of which of the following phenotypes? (9.13) [Hint]

 A or B only
 AB only
 AB or O
 A, B, or O
 A, B, AB, or O
35 .       Which of the following matings can NOT produce a child with blood type O? The letters refer to blood types (phenotypes). (9.13) [Hint]

 A x A
 A x B
 O x AB
 O x O
 all of the above
36 .       If one parent is blood type AB and the other is type O, what fraction of their offspring will be blood type A? (9.13) [Hint]

 0.25
 0.5
 0.75
 all of the above
 none of the above
37 .       A woman with type O blood is expecting a child. Her husband is type A. Both the woman's father and her husband's father had type B blood. What is the probability that the child will have type O blood? (9.13) [Hint]

 100%
 75%
 50%
 25%
 0%
38 .       A single allele that controls more than one character is said to be _____. (9.14) [Hint]

 polygenic
 photogenic
 pleiotropic
 autotrophic
 linked
39 .       In people with sickle-cell disease the red blood cells break down, clump, and clog the blood vessels. The blood vessels and the broken cells accumulate in the spleen. Among other things this leads to physical weakness, heart failure, pain, and brain damage. Such a suite of symptoms can be explained by _____. (9.14) [Hint]

 the polygenic nature of sickle-cell disease
 the pleiotropic effects of the sickle-cell allele
 the disease being the result of the inheritance of two linked genes
 a bacterial infection interacting with the sickle-cell allele
 side effects of the drugs used to cure sickle-cell disease
40 .       The inheritance of height and weight can best be described as _____. (9.15) [Hint]

 simple dominant-recessive inheritance
 being caused by microorganisms
 polygenic
 all symptoms of Huntington's disease
 the results of a bad lifestyle
41 .       Seeds from a single sexually reproducing plant are harvested and later planted under identical conditions. What results should be expected? (9.16) [Hint]

 The seedlings should be identical to each other but not to the parental plant.
 The seedlings should be identical to each other and to the parental plant.
 The seedlings should differ from each other, depending on the environmental conditions under which each is planted.
 The seedlings should differ from each other, depending on their genetic constitution.
 The seedlings should differ from each other and be identical to the parental plant.
42 .       The genetic test that is used to determine whether someone possesses a potentially harmful recessive allele is referred to as _____ testing. (9.17) [Hint]

 prenatal testing
 carrier testing
 predictive testing
 diagnostic testing
 newborn screening
43 .       If two genes are linked _____. (9.19) [Hint]

 they are on different chromosomes
 they assort independently
 they code for the same protein
 they are on the same chromosome
 they are on sex chromosomes
44 .       If hair color, eye color, and the presence or absence of freckles were consistently inherited together, the best explanation would be that _____. (9.19) [Hint]

 these traits are recessive characteristics
 both parents have the same hair color, eye color, and freckles
 the genes for these traits are linked on the same chromosome
 gene duplications have occurred
 these traits are dominant to others
45 .       If the two traits that Mendel looked at in his dihybrid cross of smooth yellow peas with wrinkled green peas had been controlled by genes that were located close together on the same chromosome, then the F2 generation _____. (9.19) [Hint]

 would have contained four phenotypes in a 9:3:3:1 ratio
 would have contained only individuals that were heterozygous for both genes
 would have deviated from the 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio that is predicted by the law of independent assortment
 would have contained no individuals that were heterozygous for both genes
 none of the above
46 .       In a particular species of mammal, black hair (B) is dominant to green hair (b), and red eyes (R) are dominant to white eyes (r). When a BbRr individual is mated with a bbrr individual, offspring are produced in a ratio of 5 black hair and red eyes : 5 green hair and white eyes : 1 black hair and white eyes : I green hair and red eyes. Which of these explanations accounts for this ratio? (9.20) [Hint]

 Green-haired individuals have a higher prenatal mortality than black-haired individuals.
 The genes for hair color and the genes for eye color are carried on different chromosomes.
 The expected results did not take genetic recombination into account.
 The genes for both of these traits are carried on the autosomes.
 The genes for hair color and eye color are linked.
47 .       In question 46, the observed distribution of offspring was: black-red 1,070; black-white 177; green-red 180; green-white 1,072. Based on these data, what is the recombination frequency? (9.20) [Hint]

 86%
 7
 17%
 14%
 30%
48 .       Sturtevant's genetic mapping _____. (9.21) [Hint]

 orders genes on a chromosome based on recombination frequencies
 can be constructed only for sex chromosomes
 orders genes on a chromosome based on their location with respect to a stained band
 shows the ordering and exact spacing of genes on a chromosome
 predicts the probability that you will have a male or female child
49 .       The crossover percentage between two different genes is _____. (9.21) [Hint]

 dependent on the sex of the parent
 greater as the distance between the two genes increases
 greater as the distance between the two genes decreases
 dependent on whether dominant or recessive alleles are carried by the two genes
 equal to the size of the chromosome
50 .       The Y chromosomes of mammals contain genes that code for ____________. (9.22) [Hint]

 eye pigment, among many other traits
 blood-clotting factor, among many other traits
 "maleness" and few other traits
 both eye pigment and blood-clotting factor, among many other traits
 criminal tendencies